Siraitia grosvenorii Residual Extract Attenuates Atopic Dermatitis by Regulating Immune Dysfunction and Skin Barrier Abnormality
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Sample Supplement
2.2. Ultra-Performance Liquid Chromatography-Quadrupole Time-of-Fight Mass Spectrometry (UPLC–QTOF–MS) Analysis
2.3. Animal Testing
2.4. Analysis of White Blood Cells from Peripheral Blood
2.5. Splenocyte Culture
2.6. Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay
2.7. Histological Examination
2.8. Immunofluorescence Staining
2.9. Histamine Release in MC/9 Mast Cells
2.10. Chemokine Assay in HaCaT Keratinocyte Cells
2.11. Western Blotting
2.12. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Identification of Main Compounds in NHGR by UPLC–QTOF–MS
3.2. Effects of NHGR on DfE-Induced AD Mice
3.3. Effects of NHGR on the Secretion of Th1 Cytokines and Th2 Cytokines by Cultured Splenocytes
3.4. Effects of NHGR on the Expression of SIRT1, Claudin 1, Filaggrin in Dermal Skin
3.5. Effects of NHGR on Histamine Release from Mast Cells
3.6. Activities of NHGR on the Protein Expression of Filaggrin and Chemokine from Keratinocytes
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Group | WBC (×103 Cells/μL) | WBC Differential Counting (%) | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Neutrophil | Lymphocyte | Monocyte | Eosinophil | Basophil | Large Unstained Cell | ||
NC | 3.77 ± 0.47 | 22.24 ± 1.49 | 72.72 ± 1.59 | 0.70 ± 0.14 | 1.76 ± 0.21 | 0.26 ± 0.07 | 2.32 ± 0.40 |
DfE | 2.39 ± 0.11 # | 39.85 ± 3.66 ### | 60.24 ± 6.43 | 1.10 ± 0.18 | 2.72 ± 0.38 # | 0.46 ± 0.14 | 1.62 ± 0.34 |
NHGR200 | 2.43 ± 0.12 | 22.26 ± 2.71 *** | 73.42 ± 2.63 | 0.78 ± 0.12 | 1.90 ± 0.13 * | 0.48 ± 0.12 | 1.18 ± 0.32 |
NHGR400 | 2.98 ± 0.34 | 25.18 ± 0.90 ** | 69.78 ± 0.91 | 1.10 ± 0.19 | 1.48 ± 0.10 ** | 0.40 ± 0.04 | 2.06 ± 0.51 |
Dexa5 | 2.23 ± 0.13 | 36.38 ± 3.32 | 57.22 ± 3.74 | 1.42 ± 0.28 | 3.10 ± 0.39 | 0.38 ± 0.06 | 1.50 ± 0.38 |
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Sung, Y.-Y.; Yuk, H.-J.; Yang, W.-K.; Kim, S.-H.; Kim, D.-S. Siraitia grosvenorii Residual Extract Attenuates Atopic Dermatitis by Regulating Immune Dysfunction and Skin Barrier Abnormality. Nutrients 2020, 12, 3638. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12123638
Sung Y-Y, Yuk H-J, Yang W-K, Kim S-H, Kim D-S. Siraitia grosvenorii Residual Extract Attenuates Atopic Dermatitis by Regulating Immune Dysfunction and Skin Barrier Abnormality. Nutrients. 2020; 12(12):3638. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12123638
Chicago/Turabian StyleSung, Yoon-Young, Heung-Joo Yuk, Won-Kyung Yang, Seung-Hyung Kim, and Dong-Seon Kim. 2020. "Siraitia grosvenorii Residual Extract Attenuates Atopic Dermatitis by Regulating Immune Dysfunction and Skin Barrier Abnormality" Nutrients 12, no. 12: 3638. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12123638