Association between the Potential Influence of a Lifestyle Intervention in Older Individuals with Excess Weight and Metabolic Syndrome on Untreated Household Cohabitants and Their Family Support: The PREDIMED-Plus Study
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Material and Methods
2.1. Study Design
2.2. Participants, Recruitment, and Randomization
2.3. Sociodemographic and Anthropometric Variables
2.4. Adherence to the Mediterranean Diet
2.5. Physical Activity
2.6. Social Characteristics of the Household Cohabitants
2.6.1. Family Function
2.6.2. Social Support
2.7. PREDIMED-Plus Lifestyle Intervention
2.8. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Associations among the PREDIMED-Plus Participants’ Sons and Daughters
3.2. Associations among the PREDIMED-Plus Participants’ Partners
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
Abbreviations
BMI | body mass index |
IR | interquartile range |
erMedDiet | energy-restricted Mediterranean diet |
MedDiet | Mediterranean diet |
MET | metabolic equivalent |
PREDIMED | prevención con dieta Mediterránea |
SD | standard deviation |
References
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Son or Daughter n = 88 | Partner n = 445 | p-Value | |
---|---|---|---|
Sociodemographic characteristics | |||
Age (years) | 31.5 [25.0; 41.0] | 66.0 [60.0; 70.0] | <0.001 |
Sex * | |||
Women | 31.8 (28) | 66.3 (295) | <0.001 |
Men | 68.2 (60) | 33.7 (150) | |
Education level * | |||
University | 20.5 (18) | 17.4 (74) | 0.080 |
High school | 21.6 (19) | 13.4 (57) | |
Secondary school | 25.0 (22) | 23.0 (98) | |
Elementary school | 33.0 (29) | 46.2 (197) | |
Anthropometric measures | |||
Weight (kg) | 78.6 (14.8) | 74.1 (13.8) | 0.030 |
Height (cm) | 172 (9.05) | 163 (7.95) | <0.001 |
BMI (kg/m2) | 26.2 (5.0) | 27.8 (4.5) | 0.022 |
Chronic disease prevalence * | |||
Hypertension | 29.9 (26) | 40.4 (175) | 0.085 |
Dyslipidemia | 25.0 (22) | 41.1 (177) | 0.007 |
Type 2 diabetes mellitus | 9.0 (8) | 15.9 (69) | 0.140 |
Lifestyle | |||
Adherence to the MedDiet (score) | 7.00 [5.00; 8.00] | 9.00 [8.00; 10.0] | <0.001 |
Physical activity (METs/min/week) | 1954 [988; 3402] | 1866 [871; 3432] | 0.727 |
Eating together (times per week) | 8.00 [6.00; 14.0] | 16.0 [13.0; 21.0] | <0.001 |
Social characteristics of the household PREDIMED-Plus cohabitants | |||
Family function (score) | 9.00 [8.00; 10.0] | 10.0 [9.00; 10.0] | <0.001 |
Family APGAR items | |||
Adaptability * | 0.875 | ||
Hardly ever | 0.0 (0) | 1.0 (3) | |
Some of the time | 12.5 (5) | 15.5 (44) | |
Almost always | 87.5 (35) | 83.4 (236) | |
Partnership * | 0.001 | ||
Hardly ever | 0.0 (0) | 2.4 (7) | |
Some of the time | 37.5 (15) | 12.7 (36) | |
Almost always | 62.5 (25) | 84.8 (240) | |
Growth * | <0.001 | ||
Hardly ever | 5.0 (2) | 1.4 (4) | |
Some of the time | 35.0 (14) | 11.0 (31) | |
Almost always | 60.0 (24) | 87.6 (248) | |
Affection * | 0.123 | ||
Hardly ever | 0.0 (0) | 0.7 (2) | |
Some of the time | 32.5 (13) | 18.7 (53) | |
Almost always | 67.5 (27) | 80.6 (228) | |
Resolve * | 0.449 | ||
Hardly ever | 0.0 (0) | 0.3 (1) | |
Some of the time | 0.0 (0) | 3.89 (11) | |
Almost always | 100.0 (40) | 95.8 (271) | |
Social support (score) | 48.0 [44.2; 51.0] | 48.0 [41.0; 51.0] | 0.162 |
Social support sub-scales | |||
Affective support (score) | 18.0 [16.0; 19.0] | 18.0 [16.0; 20.0] | 0.859 |
Confidential support (score) | 31.0 [28.0; 33.0] | 29.0 [25.0; 33.0] | 0.031 |
Adherence to the MedDiet of the PREDIMED-Plus Participant | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
≤7 n = 48 | 8–10 n = 137 | >10 n = 260 | p-overall | |
Partner adherence to the MedDiet (score) ‡ | 7.21 (1.79) a | 8.55 (1.78) b | 9.56 (1.84) c | <0.001 |
Partner physical activity (METs/min/week) | 2355 (2542) | 2522 (2873) | 2724 (2357) | 0.594 |
Partner adherence to the MedDiet (score) | ||||
≤7 n = 101 | 8–10 n = 164 | >10 n = 180 | p-overall | |
Sociodemographic characteristics | ||||
Age (years)‡‡ | 64.3 (7.3) a | 65.4 (7.6) b | 66.6 (6.65) c | 0.035 |
Sex * | ||||
Women | 65.3 (66) | 64.0 (105) | 68.9 (124) | 0.618 |
Men | 34.7 (35) | 36.0 (59) | 31.1 (56) | |
Education level * | ||||
University | 20.2 (19) | 13.8 (22) | 19.2 (33) | 0.202 |
High school | 19.1 (18) | 11.9 (19) | 11.6 (20) | |
Secondary school | 22.3 (21) | 26.9 43) | 19.8 (34) | |
Elementary school | 38.3 (36) | 47.5 (76) | 49.4 (85) | |
Chronic disease prevalence * | ||||
Hypertension | 42.4 (42) | 42.4 (67) | 37.5 (66) | 0.592 |
Dyslipidemia | 35.7 (35) | 40.4 (63) | 44.6 (79) | 0.346 |
Type 2 diabetes mellitus | 14.1 (14) | 21.5 (34) | 11.9 (21) | 0.470 |
Anthropometric measures | ||||
Weight (kg) | 76.1 (14.4) | 73.5 (13.7) | 73.5 (13.5) | 0.337 |
Height (cm) | 163 (8.60) | 163 (7.69) | 163 (7.85) | 0.997 |
BMI (kg/m2) | 28.4 (5.0) | 27.6 (4.7) | 27.5 (3.9) | 0.337 |
Lifestyle | ||||
Physical activity (METs/min/week) ‡‡‡ | 1,431 [626; 2240] a | 1,785 [852; 3043] b | 2,437 [1327; 3931] c | <0.001 |
Eating together (times per week) ‡‡‡‡ | 14.0 [10.0; 21.0] a | 14.0 [12.0; 21.0] b | 21.0 [14.0; 23.5] c | 0.001 |
Social characteristics of the household PREDIMED-Plus cohabitants | ||||
Family function (score) | 10.0 [9.00; 10.0] | 10.0 [9.00; 10.0] | 10.0 [9.00; 10.0] | 0.100 |
Family APGAR items | ||||
Adaptability * | 0.031 | |||
Hardly ever | 4.6 (3) | 0.0 (0) | 0.0 (0) | |
Some of the time | 15.6 (10) | 19.6 (20) | 12.0 (14) | |
Almost always | 79.7(51) | 80.4 (82) | 88.0 (103) | |
Partnership * | 0.172 | |||
Hardly ever | 3.12 (2) | 2.9 (3) | 1.71 (2) | |
Some of the time | 14.1 (9) | 6.8 (7) | 17.1 (20) | |
Almost always | 82.8 (53) | 90.2 (92) | 81.2 (95) | |
Growth * | 0.980 | |||
Hardly ever | 1.5 (1) | 0.98 (1) | 1.7 (2) | |
Some of the time | 12.5 (8) | 10.8 (11) | 10.3 (12) | |
Almost always | 85.9 (55) | 88.2 (90) | 88.0 (103) | |
Affection * | 0.138 | |||
Hardly ever | 3.1 (2) | 0.0 (0) | 0.0 (0) | |
Some of the time | 23.4 (15) | 16.7 (17) | 17.9 (21) | |
Almost always | 73.4 (47) | 83.3 (85) | 82.1 (96) | |
Resolve * | 0.673 | |||
Hardly ever | 1.5 (1) | 0.0 (0) | 0.0 (0) | |
Some of the time | 3.1 (2) | 3.9 (4) | 4.2 (5) | |
Almost always | 95.3 (61) | 96.1 (98) | 95.7 (112) | |
Social support (score) | 44.0 [39.0; 50.0] | 48.0 [42.0; 51.0] | 48.0 [41.0; 52.0] | 0.084 |
Social support subscales | ||||
Affective support (score) | 17.0 [15.0; 19.0] | 18.0 [16.0; 20.0] | 18.0 [16.0; 20.0] | 0.064 |
Confidential support (score) | 27.0 [23.5; 32.0] | 30.0 [25.0; 33.0] | 29.0 [26.0; 33.0] | 0.138 |
Physical Activity of the PREDIMED-Plus Participant | |||
---|---|---|---|
Very Active n = 289 | Active n = 150 | p-value | |
Partner adherence to the MedDiet (score) | 9.10 (1.97) | 8.80 (1.98) | 0.137 |
Partner physical activity (Mets/Min/Week) | 2705 (2628) | 2411 (2147) | 0.229 |
Partner physical activity | |||
Very Active n = 187 | Active n = 224 | p-value | |
Sociodemographic characteristics | |||
Age (years) | 66.6 (6.8) | 65.0 (7.2) | 0.029 |
Sex * | |||
Women | 58.8 (110) | 72.3 (162) | 0.006 |
Men | 41.2 (77) | 27.7 (62) | |
Education level * | |||
University | 18.6 (33) | 16.6 (36) | 0.697 |
High school | 11.3 (20) | 15.2 (33) | |
Secondary school | 23.7 (42) | 24.0 (52) | |
Elementary school | 46.3 (82) | 44.2 (96) | |
Chronic disease prevalence * | |||
Hypertension | 40.1 (73) | 38.4 (84) | 0.798 |
Dyslipidemia | 43.9 (79) | 37.9 (83) | 0.267 |
Type 2 diabetes mellitus | 16.9 (31) | 13.2 (29) | 0.370 |
Anthropometric measures | |||
Weight (kg) | 73.1 (13.0) | 74.9 (14,5) | 0.249 |
Height (cm) | 163 (7.95) | 162 (7.86) | 0.207 |
BMI (kg/m2) | 27.2 (3.9) | 28.2 (5.0) | 0.050 |
Lifestyle | |||
Adherence to the MedDiet (score) | 10.0 [8.00; 11.0] | 9.00 [7.00; 10.0] | <0.001 |
Eating together (times per week) | 19.0 [14.0; 22.8] | 14.0 [11.0; 21.0] | 0.001 |
Social characteristics of household PREDIMED-Plus cohabitants | |||
Family function (score) | 10.0 [9.00; 10.0] | 10.0 [9.00; 10.0] | 0.335 |
Family APGAR items | |||
Adaptability * | 0.030 | ||
Hardly ever | 0.0 (0) | 2.1 (3) | |
Some of the time | 11.5 (15) | 19.4 (27) | |
Almost always | 88.5 (115) | 78.4 (109) | |
Partnership * | 1,000 | ||
Hardly ever | 2.3 (3) | 2.1 (3) | |
Some of the time | 13.1 (17) | 12.9 (18) | |
Almost always | 84.6 (110) | 84.9 (118) | |
Growth * | 0.334 | ||
Hardly ever | 1.5 (2) | 1.4 (2) | |
Some of the time | 12.3 (16) | 7.1 (10) | |
Almost always | 86.2 (112) | 91.4 (127) | |
Affection * | 0.602 | ||
Hardly ever | 0.0 (0) | 1.4 (2) | |
Some of the time | 19.2 (25) | 18.0 (25) | |
Almost always | 80.8 (105) | 80.6 (112) | |
Resolve * | 0.751 | ||
Hardly ever | 0.0 (0) | 0.7 (1) | |
Some of the time | 3.0 (4) | 4.3 (6) | |
Almost always | 96.9 (126) | 95.0 (132) | |
Social support (score) | 49.0 [42.0; 52.0] | 47.0 [40.0; 51.0] | 0.234 |
Social support subscales | |||
Affective support (score) | 18.0 [16.0; 20.0] | 18.0 [15.0; 19.0] | 0.101 |
Confidential support (score) | 29.0 [26.0; 33.0] | 29.0 [25.0; 33.0] | 0.350 |
Partner Adherence to MedDiet (Score) | β | SE | p-Value |
---|---|---|---|
Adherence to the MedDiet of the PREDIMED-Plus participant (score) | 4.3 × 10−1 | 7.4 × 10−1 | <0.001 |
Physical activity of the PREDIMED-Plus participant (METs/min/week) | −3.7 × 10−5 | 5.7 × 10−5 | 0.514 |
Age (years) | 3.9 × 10−2 | 2.3 × 10−2 | 0.077 |
Sex (women) | 3.6 × 10−1 | 3.2 × 10−1 | 0.257 |
Education level (university vs. high school) | −3.3 × 10−1 | 4.5 × 10−1 | 0.431 |
Education level (university vs. secondary school) | −3.7 × 10−1 | 3.7 × 10−1 | 0.316 |
Education level (university vs. elementary school) | −2.8 × 10−1 | 3.6 × 10−1 | 0.437 |
Hypertension (yes) | −2.0 × 10−3 | 3.1 × 10−1 | 0.994 |
Dyslipidemia (yes) | 6.1 × 10−1 | 2.7 × 10−1 | 0.026 |
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (yes) | −2.0 × 10−1 | 3.7 × 10−1 | 0.594 |
BMI (kg/m2) | −2.9 × 10−2 | 2.9 × 10−2 | 0.322 |
Family function (score) | 2.3 × 10−1 | 1.1 × 10−1 | 0.046 |
Social support (score) | 1.2 × 10−2 | 1.9 × 10−1 | 0.508 |
Follow-up (years) | −2.5 × 10−1 | 3.1 × 10−1 | 0.415 |
Partner Physical Activity (METs/Min/Week) | β | SE | p-Value |
---|---|---|---|
Adherence to the MedDiet of thePREDIMED-Plus participant (score) | −5.1 × 101 | 1.5 × 101 | 0.657 |
Physical activity of the PREDIMED-Plus participant (METs/min/week) | 1.6 × 10−1 | 8.8 × 10−2 | 0.064 |
Age (years) | 3.0 × 101 | 3.5 × 101 | 0.398 |
Sex (women) | −8.1 × 101 | 5.0 × 102 | 0.103 |
Education level (university vs. high school) | −1.1 × 103 | 7.4 × 102 | 0.120 |
Education level (university vs. secondary school) | −1.1 × 103 | 5.8 × 102 | 0.070 |
Education level (university vs. elementary school) | −1.1 × 103 | 5.6 × 102 | 0.043 |
Hypertension (yes) | 1.5 × 102 | 5.0 × 102 | 0.764 |
Dyslipidemia (yes) | 8.8 × 102 | 4.2 × 102 | 0.039 |
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (yes) | −5.2 × 102 | 6.1 × 102 | 0.385 |
BMI (kg/m2) | −8.1 × 101 | 4.6 × 101 | 0.080 |
Family function (score) | 6.4 × 101 | 1.8 × 101 | 0.720 |
Social support (score) | 4.1 × 101 | 2.9 × 101 | 0.169 |
Follow-up (years) | −4.8 × 102 | 4.9 × 102 | 0.330 |
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Basora, J.; Villalobos, F.; Pallejà-Millán, M.; Babio, N.; Goday, A.; Castañer, O.; Fitó, M.; Zomeño, M.D.; Pintó, X.; Sacanella, E.; et al. Association between the Potential Influence of a Lifestyle Intervention in Older Individuals with Excess Weight and Metabolic Syndrome on Untreated Household Cohabitants and Their Family Support: The PREDIMED-Plus Study. Nutrients 2020, 12, 1975. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12071975
Basora J, Villalobos F, Pallejà-Millán M, Babio N, Goday A, Castañer O, Fitó M, Zomeño MD, Pintó X, Sacanella E, et al. Association between the Potential Influence of a Lifestyle Intervention in Older Individuals with Excess Weight and Metabolic Syndrome on Untreated Household Cohabitants and Their Family Support: The PREDIMED-Plus Study. Nutrients. 2020; 12(7):1975. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12071975
Chicago/Turabian StyleBasora, Josep, Felipe Villalobos, Meritxell Pallejà-Millán, Nancy Babio, Albert Goday, Olga Castañer, Montserrat Fitó, María Dolores Zomeño, Xavier Pintó, Emilio Sacanella, and et al. 2020. "Association between the Potential Influence of a Lifestyle Intervention in Older Individuals with Excess Weight and Metabolic Syndrome on Untreated Household Cohabitants and Their Family Support: The PREDIMED-Plus Study" Nutrients 12, no. 7: 1975. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12071975