Association of Dietary Selenium Intake with Type 2 Diabetes in Middle-Aged and Older Adults in China
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Design and Subjects
2.2. Evaluation Indicators
2.2.1. Dietary Nutrients
2.2.2. Diagnostic Criteria for Diabetes
2.2.3. Evaluation of Confounding Factors
2.3. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Baseline Characteristics
3.2. Effect of Dietary Selenium Intake on the Risk of T2D
3.3. Dose–Response Relationship between Dietary Selenium Intake and T2D
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Baseline Characteristics | Quintile of Dietary Selenium Intake (µg/day) | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Q1 22.05 (18.05~25.14) | Q2 32.27 (30.03~34.53) | Q3 41.04 (38.66~43.40) | Q4 51.57 (48.55~55.39) | Q5 74.38 (65.96~89.58) | p-Value | |
Age, % | <0.0001 | |||||
50~64 | 64.49 | 73.2 | 77.81 | 77.22 | 80.82 | |
65~79 | 31.74 | 24.12 | 21.02 | 21.27 | 18.26 | |
80~ | 3.77 | 2.68 | 1.17 | 1.51 | 0.92 | |
Male, % | 32.66 | 42.21 | 45.98 | 51.93 | 60.64 | <0.0001 |
Household income per capital, % | <0.0001 | |||||
Low (<6128.13 yuan) | 42.46 | 37.94 | 31.66 | 30.57 | 24.04 | |
Median (6128.13–17,611.37 yuan) | 31.16 | 32.24 | 34.76 | 35.51 | 33.00 | |
High (>17,611.37 yuan) | 26.38 | 29.82 | 33.58 | 33.92 | 42.96 | |
Education, % | <0.0001 | |||||
Primary and below | 63.4 | 53.85 | 44.56 | 42.63 | 35.85 | |
Middle and high | 31.07 | 35.26 | 44.3 | 46.06 | 48.66 | |
College and above | 5.53 | 10.89 | 11.14 | 11.31 | 15.49 | |
Urban, % | 28.73 | 35.68 | 37.86 | 40.54 | 44.89 | <0.0001 |
Never smoked, % | 77.72 | 70.77 | 71.02 | 67.84 | 62.56 | <0.0001 |
Non-drinker in the past year, % | 81.07 | 72.11 | 69.68 | 66.5 | 61.81 | <0.0001 |
Physical activity, % | 0.60 | |||||
Low | 33.84 | 31.24 | 33.84 | 34.25 | 33.42 | |
Median | 31.83 | 33.75 | 32.91 | 33.42 | 34.84 | |
High | 34.34 | 35.01 | 33.25 | 32.33 | 31.74 | |
BMI (kg/m2), % | <0.0001 | |||||
<18.5 | 6.45 | 5.36 | 4.1 | 3.18 | 2.26 | |
18.5~23.9 | 51.51 | 52.76 | 49.25 | 47.57 | 45.23 | |
≥24.0 | 42.04 | 41.88 | 46.65 | 49.25 | 52.51 | |
Energy (kcal/day) | 1564.65 ± 492.48 | 1931.00 ± 589.56 | 2134.19 ± 602.86 | 2341.46 ± 654.01 | 2624.06 ± 764.53 | <0.0001 |
Model | Quintile of Dietary Selenium Intake (µg/day) | p Trend | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Q1 | Q2 | Q3 | Q4 | Q5 | ||
Model 1 | 1.00 | 0.87 (0.69, 1.10) | 0.68 (0.53, 0.87) * | 0.79 (0.63, 1.01) | 0.84 (0.66, 1.08) | 0.39 |
Model 2 | 1.00 | 0.87 (0.69, 1.10) | 0.68 (0.53, 0.87) * | 0.80 (0.63, 1.01) | 0.86 (0.67, 1.09) | 0.20 |
Model 3 | 1.00 | 0.91 (0.71, 1.16) | 0.74 (0.57, 0.95) * | 0.84 (0.65, 1.08) | 0.90 (0.69, 1.17) | 0.43 |
Model 4 | 1.00 | 0.91 (0.72, 1.16) | 0.73 (0.56, 0.94) * | 0.79 (0.61, 1.03) | 0.85 (0.65, 1.11) | 0.16 |
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Li, F.; Hong, X.; Wang, H.; Li, W.; Chen, L.; Wang, L.; Zhao, B.; Wang, S.; Jiang, H.; Wang, Z. Association of Dietary Selenium Intake with Type 2 Diabetes in Middle-Aged and Older Adults in China. Nutrients 2024, 16, 2367. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16142367
Li F, Hong X, Wang H, Li W, Chen L, Wang L, Zhao B, Wang S, Jiang H, Wang Z. Association of Dietary Selenium Intake with Type 2 Diabetes in Middle-Aged and Older Adults in China. Nutrients. 2024; 16(14):2367. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16142367
Chicago/Turabian StyleLi, Fangyuan, Xi Hong, Huijun Wang, Weiyi Li, Lili Chen, Liusen Wang, Boya Zhao, Shaoshunzi Wang, Hongru Jiang, and Zhihong Wang. 2024. "Association of Dietary Selenium Intake with Type 2 Diabetes in Middle-Aged and Older Adults in China" Nutrients 16, no. 14: 2367. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16142367