Recent Advances in Phthalocyanine-Based Hybrid Composites for Electrochemical Biosensors
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Properties of MPcs
3. Mechanisms and Factors Influencing the Improved Performance of MPcs as Biosensors
4. Pc Composite Materials for Biosensors
4.1. Polymeric Pc Materials
4.2. Pc-Based Hybrid Composites
- (a)
- Combining MPc with carbon materials in a hybrid composite overcomes the MPc aggregation issue and enhances biosensor sensitivity [55].
- (b)
- An 18 п-electron system in MPc combined with carbon materials results in the optimization of hybrid composites with high porosity, surface area, and conductivity. This contributes to improved specificity in detecting biomolecules and enhances selective detection [56].
- (c)
- (d)
- Carbon materials in hybrid composites solve the stacking arrangement issue in MPc and improve dispersion, diffusion, and adsorption to overcome issues related to long-term stability [59].
- (e)
5. Fabrication of Hybrid Pc in Three-Electrode System
6. Conclusions, Challenges, and Future Perspectives
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Materials | Method | Analyte | LOD | Linear Range | Ref. |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Zn(II)TBPc | Amperometry | DA | 6 nM | 20 nM–1.0 μM | [43] |
TACoPc/PANI | CV | DA | 0.064 μM | 20–200 μM | [44] |
Poly(CoTNBAPc) | Amperometry | DA | 20 nmol/L | 100–4000 nM/L | [45] |
CV | 20 nmol/L | 10–1000 nM | |||
CoTCAPc | CV | 2,4-dichlorophenol | 0.35 μM | 1–36 μM | [46] |
CoTAMFCAPc/GCE | CV | Hydroquinone | 0.066 | 0.2–2.2 μM | [47] |
Amperometry | 0.056 | 0.17–1.530 μM | |||
Poly(CoTBrIMPPc) | CV | Pb | 37 nmol/L | 10–1000 nM | [48] |
Amperometry | 180 nmol/L | 500–3000 nM/L | |||
Poly(CoTPzPyPc) | CV | L-arginine | 2.5 μM | 10–100 μM | [49] |
Amperometry | 0.6 μM | 2–60 μM | |||
CoTTIMPPc | CV | 4-nitrophenol | 38 nM | 100–1000 nM | [50] |
Amperometry | 30 nM | 100–900 nM | |||
Poly(CoTBrImPc) | CV | L- Cysteine | 3 nM | 10–100 nM | [51] |
Amperometry | 4 nM | 10–80 nM |
Material | Method | Analyte | LOD | Linear Range | Ref. |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
rGO/Poly(CoOBImPc) | CV | Hz | 0.033 μM | 0.1–0.9 μM | [62] |
CoTM-QOPc/CNP | CV | Nitrite | 0.033 μM | 0.1–350 μM | [63] |
Poly(TazoCoPc)/CNP | CV | Nitrite | 0.006 μM | 0.02–1 μM | [64] |
CoTBTCAPc/CNP | CV | 4-AP | 0.030 μM | 0.1–0.9 μM | [65] |
CoTELndCAPc/MWCNT | CV | Cd(II) | 5 nM | 100–1000 nM | [66] |
Pb(II) | 3 nM | 100–1000 nM | |||
PdTAPc/MWCNT | CV | AA | 1.0 μM | 3–24 μM | [67] |
DA | 0.6 μM | 2–16 μM | |||
CoTMBANAPc/MWCNT | CV | AA | 6.6 μM | 7.5–70 μM | [68] |
Poly(FeTBImPc)/CNP | CV | DA | 20 nM | 100–1000 nM | [69] |
RGO-pTACoPc | CV | L-cysteine | 0.018 μM | 0.05–2.0 μM | [70] |
MWCNT-PNF | CV | Adenine (AD) | 9.2 μM | 0.01–3.9 mM | [71] |
DPV | AD | 7.9 μM | 0.01–7.9 mM | ||
CV | Thymine (THY) | 19.3 μM | 0.02–7.7 mM | ||
DPV | THY | 16.8 μM | 0.02–15.7 mM | ||
CV | Guanine (GU) | 98.56 μM | 0.1–8.5 mM | ||
DPV | GU | 96.84 μM | 0.1–3.5 mM |
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Puttaningaiah, K.P.C.H.; Hur, J. Recent Advances in Phthalocyanine-Based Hybrid Composites for Electrochemical Biosensors. Micromachines 2024, 15, 1061. https://doi.org/10.3390/mi15091061
Puttaningaiah KPCH, Hur J. Recent Advances in Phthalocyanine-Based Hybrid Composites for Electrochemical Biosensors. Micromachines. 2024; 15(9):1061. https://doi.org/10.3390/mi15091061
Chicago/Turabian StylePuttaningaiah, Keshavananda Prabhu Channabasavana Hundi, and Jaehyun Hur. 2024. "Recent Advances in Phthalocyanine-Based Hybrid Composites for Electrochemical Biosensors" Micromachines 15, no. 9: 1061. https://doi.org/10.3390/mi15091061