Differences in the Active Endometrial Microbiota across Body Weight and Cancer in Humans and Mice
Abstract
:Simple Summary
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. Patient Characteristics
2.2. Human Endometrial Microbiota Is Altered in Cancer
2.3. Obesity Does Not Determine Lactobacillus Abundance in the Uterus
2.4. Endometrial Tumors and Adjacent Normal Endometrium Share Similar Microbiota
2.5. Western Diet-Induced Mouse Model of Obesity
2.6. Mouse Endometrial Microbiota
3. Discussion
4. Methods
4.1. Patient Cohort and Ethics
4.2. Collection of Human Blood and Endometrial Tissues
4.3. Mouse Diet Study
4.4. Mouse Genotyping
4.5. Mouse Metabolic Analyses
4.6. Mouse Uterine Pathology
4.7. 16S rRNA Transcript Amplicon Sequencing and Analysis
4.8. Statistical Analyses
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Characteristics: Median or n (%) | Lean Cancer (n = 17) | Obese Cancer (n = 23) | Lean Control (n = 18) | Obese Control (n = 12) | p-Value m |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Age (years) | 69.0 a | 68.0 | 60.5 a | 59.5 | 0.003 |
BMI (kg/m2) | 23.74 b | 38.20 b | 23.65 b | 31.95 b | <0.0001 |
Stage | |||||
I A | 10 (58.8%) | 15 (65.2%) | N/A | N/A | |
I B | 4 (23.5%) | 3 (13%) | |||
II A | 0 (0.0%) | 1 (4.3%) | |||
III A | 0 (0.0%) | 1 (4.3%) | |||
III C | 1 (5.9%) | 2 (8.7%) | |||
IV A | 1 (5.9%) | 0 (0.0%) | |||
IV B | 1 (5.9%) | 1 (4.3%) | |||
Grade | N/A | N/A | |||
1 | 13 (76.5%) | 14 (60.9%) | |||
2 | 3 (17.6%) | 8 (34.8%) | |||
3 | 1 (5.9%) | 1 (4.3%) | |||
Parity | |||||
0 | 5 (29.4%) | 6 (26.1%) | 6 (33.3%) | 3 (25.0%) | |
1 or 2 | 9 (52.9%) | 6 (26.1%) | 8 (44.4%) | 6 (50.0%) | |
3 or more | 3 (17.6%) | 11 (47.8%) | 4 (22.2%) | 3 (25.0%) | |
Gravidity | |||||
0 | 4 (23.5%) | 7 (30.4%) | 4 (22.2%) | 2 (16.7%) | |
1 or 2 | 8 (47.1%) | 4 (17.4%) | 11 (61.1%) | 6 (50.0%) | |
3 or 4 | 2 (11.8%) | 10 (43.5%) | 3 (16.7%) | 3 (25.0%) | |
5 or more | 3 (17.6%) | 2 (8.7%) | 0 (0.0%) | 1 (8.3%) | |
Age at Menarche (years) | 13.5 (n = 16) | 13.0 | 13.0 (n = 17) | 13.0 | 0.567 |
Age at Menopause (years) | 51.0 | 52.0 | 52.0 (n = 15) | 50.5 | 0.681 |
Any systemic HRT history | (n = 15) | ||||
8 (53.3%) | 4 (17.4%) | 7 (38.9%) | 3 (25.0%) | ||
Years on systemic HRT | 0.50 (n = 15) | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.055 |
No OCP History | (n = 14) | (n = 26) | (n = 18) | ||
6 (42.9%) | 9 (40.9%) | 7 (43.8%) | 6 (50.0%) | ||
Years on OCP | 1.25 (n = 14) | 2.00 (n = 21) | 4.50 (n = 16) | 0.50 | 0.839 |
Comorbidities | |||||
Type 2 Diabetes | 0 (0.0%) | 5 (21.7%) | 0 (0.0%) | 4 (33.3%) | |
Hyperlipidemia | 5 (29.4%) | 6 (26.1%) | 2 (11.1%) | 8 (66.7%) | |
Hypertension | 6 (35.3%) | 18 (78.3%) | 1 (5.6%) | 6 (50.0%) | |
Hypothyroidism | 4 (23.5%) | 3 (13.0%) | 4 (22.2%) | 2 (16.7%) | |
Regular Medications | 12 (70.6%) | 19 (82.6%) | 11 (61.1%) | 9 (75.0%) | |
Tobacco Use | (n = 21) | (n = 10) | |||
Never | 10 (58.8%) | 11 (52.4%) | 16 (88.9%) | 8 (80.0%) | |
Current | 2 (11.8%) | 2 (9.5%) | 0 (0.0%) | 1 (10.0%) | |
Previous | 5 (29.4%) | 8 (38.1%) | 2 (11.1%) | 1 (10.0%) | |
Pack Years | 0.00 | 0.00 (n = 21) | 0.00 | 0.00 (n = 10) | 0.171 |
Glucose (mmol/L) | 4.70 c | 5.20 (n = 23) | 5.10 | 5.60 c | 0.013 |
Insulin (μU/mL) | 4.30 d (n = 15) | 9.50 de (n = 22) | 4.80 e (n = 15) | 7.70 (n = 10) | 0.002 |
HbA1c IFCC (mmol/mol) | 37.0 (n = 16) | 39.0 f | 34.5 fg | 40.0 g | 0.003 |
HbA1c NGSP (%) | 5.55 (n = 16) | 5.80 h | 5.35 h | 5.80 | 0.005 |
HDL (mmol/L) | 1.90 (n = 16) | 1.30 (n = 20) | 1.65 | 1.30 | 0.043 |
LDL (mmol/L) | 2.80 (n = 16) | 2.85 (n = 20) | 2.45 | 1.90 | 0.233 |
Triglycerides (mmol/L) | 1.45 (n = 8) | 1.35 (n = 20) | 1.30 (n = 15) | 1.60 (n = 11) | 0.554 |
CRP (mg/L) | 1 i (n = 16) | 4 ij (n = 22) | 1.5 j | 3 | 0.003 |
Estradiol (pmol/L) | 19.0 k (n = 13) | 39.5 kl (n = 20) | 16.0 l (n = 17) | 31.0 g (n = 11) | 0.005 |
Pathology Results, n (%) | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Genotype | Diet | Mice (n) | Normal | Hyperplasia | Atypical Hyperplasia | Cancer |
Lkb1+/+ | Chow | 4 | 1 (25%) | 2 (50%) | 1 (25%) | |
Lkb1+/+ | Western | 4 | 1 (25%) | 3 (75%) | ||
Sprr2f-Cre; Lkb1L/+ | Chow | 24 | 3 (12.5%) | 6 (25%) | 14 (58.3%) | 1 (4.2%) |
Sprr2f-Cre; Lkb1L/+ | Western | 29 | 8 (27.6%) | 7 (24.1%) | 13 (44.8%) | 1 (3.5%) |
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Kaakoush, N.O.; Olzomer, E.M.; Kosasih, M.; Martin, A.R.; Fargah, F.; Lambie, N.; Susic, D.; Hoehn, K.L.; Farrell, R.; Byrne, F.L. Differences in the Active Endometrial Microbiota across Body Weight and Cancer in Humans and Mice. Cancers 2022, 14, 2141. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers14092141
Kaakoush NO, Olzomer EM, Kosasih M, Martin AR, Fargah F, Lambie N, Susic D, Hoehn KL, Farrell R, Byrne FL. Differences in the Active Endometrial Microbiota across Body Weight and Cancer in Humans and Mice. Cancers. 2022; 14(9):2141. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers14092141
Chicago/Turabian StyleKaakoush, Nadeem O., Ellen M. Olzomer, Melidya Kosasih, Amy R. Martin, Farokh Fargah, Neil Lambie, Daniella Susic, Kyle L. Hoehn, Rhonda Farrell, and Frances L. Byrne. 2022. "Differences in the Active Endometrial Microbiota across Body Weight and Cancer in Humans and Mice" Cancers 14, no. 9: 2141. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers14092141