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The Value of Pretherapeutic Basal Calcitonin Cut-Offs for the Therapeutic Strategy and Prediction of Long-Term Outcome of Patients with Medullary Thyroid Cancer—A 30-Year Single-Center Experience
by
, ,
Martin B. Niederle
1,2,*
,
Teresa Binter
1,
Philipp Riss
1,
Bruno Niederle
1,** and
Christian Scheuba
1 1
Division of Visceral Surgery, Department of General Surgery, Medical University of Vienna,Waehringer Guertel 18-20, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
2
Department of General Anesthesia, General Intensive Care and Pain Management, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
**
Senior Clinical Investigator; Former Chief Section Endocrine Surgery, Medical University of Vienna
Cancers 2024, 16(19), 3343; https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers16193343 (registering DOI)
Submission received: 24 August 2024
/
Revised: 25 September 2024
/
Accepted: 25 September 2024
/
Published: 29 September 2024
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Classification, Risk Assessment and Clinical Management of Malignant Thyroid Nodules)
Simple Summary
Routine measurement of basal calcitonin (bCt) levels is used in the preoperative workup of thyroid nodules (“Ct screening”) and has been documented to facilitate the early diagnosis and treatment of patients with medullary thyroid cancer (MTC). Although clear cut-offs have been proposed, the relevance for predicting lymph node metastasis (LNM) and long-term outcomes (LOs) has so far not been tested on a large cohort of patients. In this study, 306 patients with MTC were grouped into three oncologic risk groups by clearly defined gender- and assay-specific bCt cutoffs. The rate of central LNM was 2.6% in risk Group 1 (minimal oncologic risk; recently published MTC incidence: females: 17.1%; males: 37.5%) and 6.0% in Group 2 (low oncologic risk: recently published MTC incidence 100%). Lateral LNM and distant metastasis (DMet) were not found. The overall cure rate for both groups was 95.7% and 20-year disease-specific survival (DSS) was 100%. In risk Group 3 (high oncologic risk) LNMs were found in 51.0% (thereof 88.9% also in the lateral neck compartment) and DMet in 13.5%. The cure rate dropped to 58.3% and DSS to 85.3%. Within a Ct screening program, grouping patients upon pretherapeutic bCt provides a simple risk classification system for indicating surgery and its extent, predicting LNM, and estimating LOs.
Abstract
Background: The clinical relevance of clearly defined pretherapeutic basal calcitonin (bCt) cut-offs for predicting lymph node metastases (LNMs) and long-term outcomes (LOs) has so far not been tested in a large cohort of patients with medullary thyroid cancer included in a Ct screening program during the initial diagnostic workup of thyroid nodules. Material and Methods: Female (f) patients with a bCt level of ≤23 pg/mL and male (m) patients with a level of ≤43 pg/mL were assigned to Group 1 (minimal oncologic risk), patients with a bCt between 24 and 84 pg/mL (f) and 44–99 pg/mL (m) to Group 2 (low oncologic risk), and those with a bCt of ≥85 pg/mL (f) and ≥100 pg/mL (m) to Group 3 (high oncologic risk). All patients underwent surgery applying a uniform surgical protocol. The median follow-up was 100 months. Results: The study included 306 patients. In 3/115 (2.6%) patients in Group 1 and in 3/50 (6.0%) in Group 2, LNM in the central but not lateral neck and no distant metastases (DMet) were documented. In both groups, the biochemical long-term cure rate was 95.7% and the disease-specific-survival (DSS) rate was 100% at 10, 15 and 20 years. Lateral LNM and DMet were diagnosed only in Group 3. The bCt levels of N0 and N1 patients showed broadly overlapping ranges, thus impeding the differentiation between those patients through bCt. Both the cure rate and DSS were significantly worse in Group 3. The overall biochemical long-term cure rate was 78.2%. Conclusions: Within a Ct screening program, grouping patients upon pretherapeutic bCt provides a simple risk classification system for indicating surgery, predicting LN involvement, and LOs.
