Oxidation in Flow Using an Ionic Immobilized TEMPO Catalyst on an Ion Exchange Resin
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results and Discussion
2.1. Preparation and Characterization of the Catalyst
2.2. Batch Oxidation Reactions with Batch-Immobilized TEMPO-4 Sulfate
2.3. Catalyst Robustness in Batch Oxidations with Batch-Loaded Catalysts
2.4. Oxidation Catalysis in a Flow Reactor with Flow-Loaded Catalyst
3. Materials and Methods
3.1. Materials
3.2. Characterization
3.3. Determination of the Actual Total Exchange Capacity of the Ion Exchange Resin by Chloride Ion Measurement Using Mohr’s Titration
3.4. Preparation of Potassium 4-Sulfonato-Oxy-2,2,6,6-Tetramethylpiperidine-1-Yloxyl (TEMPO-4-Sulfate)
3.5. General Procedure for the Immobilization of TEMPO-4-Sulfate Derivatives on the Ion Exchange Resins
3.6. General Procedure for Regeneration of the Used Catalytic Ion Exchange Resin
3.7. Catalytic Tests
3.7.1. Heterogeneous Catalysis
3.7.2. Immobilization and Heterogeneous Catalysis in Flow
3.7.3. Yield Determination of Aldehydes
4. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Entry | Alcohol | Conv./% | t/min | Products | Selectivity % |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | butane-1-ol | 95 | 30 | butanal | ~100 |
2 | benzyl alcohol | 99 | 20 | benzaldehyde | ~100 |
3 | 1,4-benzene dimethanol | 100 | 20 | 1,4-benzene dialdehyde 4-(hydroxymethyl) benzaldehyde | 99 1 |
4 | 1,4-butanediol | 75 | 90 | γ-butyrolactone | ~100 |
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Gmeiner, J.; Luinstra, G.A. Oxidation in Flow Using an Ionic Immobilized TEMPO Catalyst on an Ion Exchange Resin. Catalysts 2024, 14, 542. https://doi.org/10.3390/catal14080542
Gmeiner J, Luinstra GA. Oxidation in Flow Using an Ionic Immobilized TEMPO Catalyst on an Ion Exchange Resin. Catalysts. 2024; 14(8):542. https://doi.org/10.3390/catal14080542
Chicago/Turabian StyleGmeiner, Johannes, and Gerrit A. Luinstra. 2024. "Oxidation in Flow Using an Ionic Immobilized TEMPO Catalyst on an Ion Exchange Resin" Catalysts 14, no. 8: 542. https://doi.org/10.3390/catal14080542