Osmo-Priming with Seaweed Extracts Enhances Yield of Salt-Stressed Tomato Plants
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Experimental Conditions and Crop Management
2.2. Soil Salinity
2.3. Growth and Yield Measurements
2.4. Physiological Parameters
2.5. Mineral Analysis
2.6. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Biomass Components
3.2. Leaf Gas Exchanges
3.3. Leaf and Fruit Ions Content
3.4. Yield Components
4. Discussion
4.1. Biostimulants Determine Stress Preadaptation
4.2. Biomass Redistribution Facilitates Stress Adaptation
4.3. Plant Biostimulants Mediate Nutrient Use Efficiency
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Shoot FW | R/S | Leaf Area | Root DW | |
---|---|---|---|---|
g | cm2 | g | ||
Biostimulant (B) | ||||
Control | 877.1 a | 0.08 b | 6821 a | 8.99 b |
Rygex | 718.7 b | 0.11 a | 6663 a | 15.1 a |
Super Fifty | 693.2 b | 0.13 a | 5897 b | 12.7 a |
Salinity (S) | ||||
S0 | 879.6 a | 0.11 | 7918 a | 13.11 a |
S80 | 646.4 b | 0.11 | 5002 b | 11.46 b |
Significance | ||||
B | *** | ** | * | *** |
S | *** | ns | *** | * |
BxS | ns | ns | * | * |
Pn | gs | Ψleaf | iWUE | |
---|---|---|---|---|
µmol m−2 s−1 | mmol m−2 | MPa | ||
Biostimulant (B) | ||||
Control | 6.68 b | 109.7 | −1.32 | 0.071 |
Rygex | 8.56 a | 108.4 | −1.51 | 0.081 |
Super Fifty | 8.76 a | 104.7 | −1.53 | 0.084 |
Salinity (S) | ||||
S0 | 8.81 a | 124.8 a | −1.21 a | 0.074 |
S80 | 7.17 b | 91.52 b | −1.69 b | 0.082 |
Significance | ||||
B | ** | ns | ns | ns |
S | ** | * | *** | ns |
BxS | ns | ns | * | * |
Leaf | Fruit | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Na+ | NO3− | K+ | K+ | Ca2+ | Mg2+ | |
g kg−1 DW | g kg−1 DW | g kg−1 DW | g kg−1 DW | g kg−1 DW | g kg−1 DW | |
Biostimulant (B) | ||||||
Control | 2.67 | 3.72 a | 22.9 a | 36.1 a | 0.46 a | 1.49 a |
Rygex | 2.78 | 1.94 b | 20.1 a | 28.9 b | 0.30 b | 1.15 b |
Super Fifty | 2.16 | 1.95 b | 17.6 b | 30.7 b | 0.33 b | 1.29 b |
Salinity (S) | ||||||
S0 | 0.43 b | 1.49 b | 23.20 a | 31.78 | 0.35 | 1.32 |
S80 | 4.31 a | 3.59 a | 17.24 b | 32.02 | 0.38 | 1.29 |
Significance | ||||||
B | ns | * | * | * | * | * |
S | *** | ** | *** | ns | ns | ns |
BxS | ns | ns | * | ns | ns | ns |
Fruits FW | Harvest Index | Firmness | Average Fruit FW | Number of Fruits | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
(g) | (kg cm−1) | (g fruit−1) | (#) | ||
Biostimulant (B) | |||||
Control | 486.1 b | 0.25 b | 1.49 a | 10.01 b | 51.5 |
Rygex | 722.8 a | 0.35 a | 0.91 b | 12.52 a | 58.2 |
Super Fifty | 826.7 a | 0.37 a | 0.52 c | 13.47 a | 61.3 |
Salinity (S) | |||||
S0 | 828.9 a | 0.52 | - | 12.64 | 65.8 a |
S80 | 528.3 b | 0.48 | - | 11.37 | 48.3 b |
Significance | |||||
B | *** | ** | *** | *** | ns |
S | *** | ns | - | ns | *** |
BxS | ns | ns | - | *** | *** |
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Di Stasio, E.; Cirillo, V.; Raimondi, G.; Giordano, M.; Esposito, M.; Maggio, A. Osmo-Priming with Seaweed Extracts Enhances Yield of Salt-Stressed Tomato Plants. Agronomy 2020, 10, 1559. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy10101559
Di Stasio E, Cirillo V, Raimondi G, Giordano M, Esposito M, Maggio A. Osmo-Priming with Seaweed Extracts Enhances Yield of Salt-Stressed Tomato Plants. Agronomy. 2020; 10(10):1559. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy10101559
Chicago/Turabian StyleDi Stasio, Emilio, Valerio Cirillo, Giampaolo Raimondi, Maria Giordano, Marco Esposito, and Albino Maggio. 2020. "Osmo-Priming with Seaweed Extracts Enhances Yield of Salt-Stressed Tomato Plants" Agronomy 10, no. 10: 1559. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy10101559