A Study of Small Intestinal Epigenomic Changes Induced by Royal Jelly
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Murine Models
2.2. Quantification of Voluntary Wheel Running
2.3. Analytical Methodologies and Tolerance Tests for Glucose and Insulin
2.4. Serum Biochemical Analysis
2.5. Histopathological Evaluation of Jejunum and Colon
2.6. Analysis of mRNA Sequencing of the Jejunum
2.7. Quantitative Real Time-PCR
2.8. Mass Spectrometry for Histone Modifications (Mod-Spec)
2.9. NON-TiE-UP Cleavage Under Targets and Tagmentation
2.10. Statistical Examination
3. Results
3.1. Effect of Royal Jelly on Body Weight and Food Intake
3.2. Royal Jelly Improves Locomotor Activity
3.3. Royal Jelly Enhances Insulin Sensitivity and Reduces Cholesterol and Triglyceride Levels
3.4. GO and KEGG Pathway Enrichment Analysis of Small Intestine mRNA
3.5. The Expression of the Gene Set Associated with the G2M Checkpoint Was Reduced by Royal Jelly
3.6. Relative Abundance of Histone Modifications in Small Intestinal Epithelial Cells
3.7. Royal Jelly Alters Distribution and Increases H3K27me3 and H3K9Ac Peak Tags
3.8. Royal Jelly Enhances Correlation and Modifies Peak Sizes of Histone Modifications
3.9. Quantitative Comparison of Epigenetic Modifications in Key Genes
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Sample | Number of Mapped Reads (%) |
---|---|
db/m_1 | 47,501,746 (97.73) |
db/m_2 | 43,732,867 (97.08) |
db/m_3 | 48,231,655 (96.29) |
db/m_4 | 44,039,336 (97.39) |
db/db_1 | 47,501,746 (97.73) |
db/db_2 | 41,823,389 (97.62) |
db/db_3 | 44,158,962 (96.48) |
db/db_4 | 41,520,847 (97.9) |
db/db+RJ_1 | 39,459,436 (95.91) |
db/db+RJ_2 | 41,564,058 (98.07) |
db/db+RJ_3 | 46,891,376 (97.01) |
db/db+RJ_4 | 41,309,857 (96.86) |
Sample | Target | Total Number of Reads | Usable Number of Alignments | Used Number of Alignments | Number of Peaks |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
db/m | H3K27me3 | 34,840,978 | 13,892,705 | 11,279,709 | 70,350 |
db/m | H3K23Ac | 28,296,100 | 12,356,384 | 11,279,699 | 67,071 |
db/db | H3K27me3 | 32,545,792 | 12,677,717 | 11,279,691 | 65,687 |
db/db | H3K23Ac | 30,115,334 | 12,745,405 | 11,279,679 | 96,801 |
db/db+RJ | H3K27me3 | 33,225,536 | 11,279,720 | 11,279,669 | 51,294 |
db/db+RJ | H3K23Ac | 33,789,784 | 14,173,301 | 11,279,660 | 98,254 |
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Kobayashi, G.; Ichikawa, T.; Okamura, T.; Matsuyama, T.; Hamaguchi, M.; Okamoto, H.; Okumura, N.; Fukui, M. A Study of Small Intestinal Epigenomic Changes Induced by Royal Jelly. Cells 2024, 13, 1419. https://doi.org/10.3390/cells13171419
Kobayashi G, Ichikawa T, Okamura T, Matsuyama T, Hamaguchi M, Okamoto H, Okumura N, Fukui M. A Study of Small Intestinal Epigenomic Changes Induced by Royal Jelly. Cells. 2024; 13(17):1419. https://doi.org/10.3390/cells13171419
Chicago/Turabian StyleKobayashi, Genki, Takahiro Ichikawa, Takuro Okamura, Tomoyuki Matsuyama, Masahide Hamaguchi, Hideto Okamoto, Nobuaki Okumura, and Michiaki Fukui. 2024. "A Study of Small Intestinal Epigenomic Changes Induced by Royal Jelly" Cells 13, no. 17: 1419. https://doi.org/10.3390/cells13171419