Sustainability Assessment of Marine Aquaculture considering Nutrients Inflow from the Land in Kyushu Area
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Area
2.2. Annual Fish Production Estimation
2.2.1. Fish Production Calculation Model
2.2.2. Fish Cage Detection
2.3. Calculation of Nutrient Load from Fish Farm
2.4. Calculation of Nutrient Load from Land Inflow
2.5. Assessment Index
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Fish Production Calculation
3.1.1. Fish Cages
3.1.2. Fish Production Calculation
3.2. Nutrient Load Analysis
3.2.1. Nutrient Load from Fish Farm and Land Inflow
3.2.2. Comparation between the Nutrient Load from Fish Farm and Land Inflow
3.2.3. Discharged Nutrient Load Ratio by Source from Land Inflow
3.3. Assessment Index
3.3.1. Correlation Analysis
3.3.2. Sustainability Analysis
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Parameter | Yellowtail | Tuna | Seabream |
---|---|---|---|
Rs | 3.0% | 0.3% | 3.0% |
Ts (year) | 2.0 | 2.5 | 2.0 |
Parameter | Yellowtail | Tuna | Seabream |
---|---|---|---|
FCR | 2.5 | 10 | 2.5 |
WCf | 10% | 75% | 10% |
WCF | 75% | 75% | 75% |
Shape | Size (m) | Number | Cultures Area (ha) | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Length | Diameter | Depth | |||
Square | 8–15 | 8 | 6676 | 2935.7 | |
Rectangular | |||||
Circular | 15–50 | 8 | 376 |
Shape | Size (m) | Number | Cultures Area (ha) | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Length | Diameter | Depth | |||
Square | 1263.2 | ||||
Rectangular | 15–85 | 10 | 304 | ||
Circular | 15–50 | 10 | 570 |
Shape | Size (m) | Number | Cultures Area (ha) | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Length | Diameter | Depth | |||
Square | 6–12 | 8 | 866 | 204.8 | |
Rectangular | |||||
Circular | 12–30 | 8 | 117 |
Species | Yellowtail | Tuna | Seabream |
---|---|---|---|
Calculated data (ton) | 87,559.27 | 9688.57 | 12,108.01 |
Governmental Statistics (ton) | 93,994.00 | 10,266 | 13,125.00 |
Deviation | −6.84% | −5.62% | −7.75% |
ID | Bay Areas | TN Load from Farm (ton/y) | TP Load from Farm (ton/y) | TN Load from Land (ton/y) | TP Load from Land (ton/y) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Tsukumi | 122 | 18.3 | 92 | 6.4 |
2 | Saiki | 690 | 103.5 | 702 | 48.5 |
3 | Yonozu | 272 | 40.7 | 32 | 2.2 |
4 | Kusunoki | 1417 | 212.5 | 41 | 2.8 |
5 | Inokushi | 829 | 124.3 | 60 | 4.2 |
6 | Sumie | 1760 | 263.9 | 27 | 2.2 |
7 | Shibushi | 819 | 122.8 | 2656 | 221.4 |
8 | Kagoshima | 3139 | 470.8 | 2655 | 220.2 |
9 | Yatsushiro | 5792 | 868.9 | 4444 | 300.0 |
10 | Imanri | 778 | 116.7 | 316 | 23.1 |
11 | Tsushima | 109 | 16.3 | 217 | 14.8 |
12 | Goto | 14 | 2.1 | 58 | 4.0 |
ID | Bays Name | Area (km2) | H (m) | D (km) | I3-1 | I3-2 | Red Tide Frequency |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Tsukumi | 69.7 | 20.9 | 4127 | 31,749 | 331 | 0 |
2 | Saiki | 176.5 | 19.4 | 10,387 | 1,469,135 | 15,225 | 8 |
3 | Yonozu | 26.4 | 21.0 | 5932 | 92,989 | 959 | 2 |
5 | Inokushi | 20.4 | 9.2 | 1947 | 515,711 | 5415 | 8 |
6 | Sumie | 24.1 | 9.4 | 1882 | 394,701 | 4824 | 2 |
8 | Kagoshima | 1302.1 | 50.7 | 43,740 | 5,521,820 | 68,695 | 3 |
9 | Yatsushiro | 1200.0 | 20.4 | 18,332 | 19,276,589 | 195,195 | 13 |
10 | Imanri | 166.9 | 17.5 | 1300 | 109,432 | 1200 | 2 |
11 | Tsushima | 84.2 | 16.7 | 8963 | 150,168 | 1536 | 2 |
12 | Goto | 27.8 | 18.1 | 8457 | 13,341 | 138 | 1 |
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Gao, H.; Zhou, J.; Dong, S.; Kitazawa, D. Sustainability Assessment of Marine Aquaculture considering Nutrients Inflow from the Land in Kyushu Area. Water 2022, 14, 943. https://doi.org/10.3390/w14060943
Gao H, Zhou J, Dong S, Kitazawa D. Sustainability Assessment of Marine Aquaculture considering Nutrients Inflow from the Land in Kyushu Area. Water. 2022; 14(6):943. https://doi.org/10.3390/w14060943
Chicago/Turabian StyleGao, Hongxia, Jinxin Zhou, Shuchuang Dong, and Daisuke Kitazawa. 2022. "Sustainability Assessment of Marine Aquaculture considering Nutrients Inflow from the Land in Kyushu Area" Water 14, no. 6: 943. https://doi.org/10.3390/w14060943