Pathogenic and Protective Autoantibodies in Autoimmune Polyendocrinopathy-Candidiasis-Ectodermal Dystrophy (APECED)
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Antibodies against Tissue Antigens
2.1. Anti-Endocrine Antibodies
2.2. Anti-Cutaneous Antibodies
2.3. Anti-Gastrointestinal Antibodies
2.4. Anti-Hepatic Antibodies
2.5. Antibodies against Other Tissue-Restricted Antigens
3. Anti-Cytokine Antibodies
3.1. Pathogenic Antibodies
3.2. Protective Antibodies
4. Conclusions
Acknowledgments
Author Contributions
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Tissue | Antigen | Disease Outcome | References |
---|---|---|---|
Adrenal, testis, ovary | CYP450c21 | Addison’s disease or Gonadal failure | [10,13,14,15] |
CYP450c17 | |||
CYP450scc | |||
NLRP5 | |||
Eye | OBP1a | Ocular dryness | [16] |
Gastric | Intrinsic factor | Malabsorption | [12,17,18,19,20] |
GIEC | Pernicious anemia | ||
Mucin 6 | Gastritis in mice | ||
Hepatic | CYP450 1A1 | Hepatitis | [21,22,23,24] |
CYP450 1A2 | |||
CYP450 2A6 | |||
CYP450 2B6 | |||
AADC | Hepatitis/vitiligo | ||
Intestinal | TPH | Enteropathy | [10,25] |
α-defensin | Loss of Paneth cells | ||
Pancreas | GAD65 | T1D | [26,27] |
IA-2 | |||
GAD67 | |||
Parathyroid | NLRP5 | Hypoparathyroidism | [28,29] |
CaSR | |||
Pituitary | GH | Hypopituitaritism | [10,30,31] |
TDRD6 | Unknown Possible gonadal failure | ||
Prostate | TGM4 | Infertility | [32] |
Pulmonary | KCNRG | Interstitial lung disease | [33,34] |
BPIFB1 | |||
Renal | proximal tubular | tubulointerstital nephritis | [35] |
Skin | tyrosine hydroxylase | Alopecia areata/vitiligo | [36,37,38] |
GAD65 | |||
SOX9/10 | Vitiligo | ||
Thyroid | TG | Hypothyroidism | [10] |
TPO |
© 2017 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
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Kashem, S.W.; Binstadt, B.A. Pathogenic and Protective Autoantibodies in Autoimmune Polyendocrinopathy-Candidiasis-Ectodermal Dystrophy (APECED). Antibodies 2017, 6, 1. https://doi.org/10.3390/antib6010001
Kashem SW, Binstadt BA. Pathogenic and Protective Autoantibodies in Autoimmune Polyendocrinopathy-Candidiasis-Ectodermal Dystrophy (APECED). Antibodies. 2017; 6(1):1. https://doi.org/10.3390/antib6010001
Chicago/Turabian StyleKashem, Sakeen W., and Bryce A. Binstadt. 2017. "Pathogenic and Protective Autoantibodies in Autoimmune Polyendocrinopathy-Candidiasis-Ectodermal Dystrophy (APECED)" Antibodies 6, no. 1: 1. https://doi.org/10.3390/antib6010001