Heavy Minerals as Indicators of the Source and Stratigraphic Position of the Loess-Like Deposits in the Orava Basin (Polish Western Carpathians)
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Study Area
2.1. Geological Structure and Relief
2.2. Source Areas
2.3. Composition of Clasts from Glaciofluvial Fans of the Czarny Dunajec River Levels
3. Material and Methods
4. Results
4.1. Grain-Size Distribution
4.2. Heavy Mineral Data
5. Discussion
Provenance Interpretation
6. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Study Sites | Folk&Ward Method [in phi] | Method of Moments [in phi] | Sediment Classification | Sediment Name | ||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Sample/Depth (m) | Mean [Mz] | Sorting [σ1] | Skewness [Sk1] | Kurtosis (KG) | Median [D50] | Mode | Mean | Sorting [σΦ] | Skewness [SkΦ] | Kurtosis (KΦ) | Sample Type | Textural Group | ||||
1 | 2 | 3 | ||||||||||||||
Chochołów/Würm | Choch_1/0.2 | 3.668 | 3.801 | −0.226 | 0.801 | 4.423 | −2.250 | 5.248 | 0.750 | 3.585 | 3.675 | −0.141 | 1.887 | Polymodal, Poorly Sorted | Very Fine Sand | gravelly mud |
Choch_2/0.4 | 3.935 | 4.010 | −0.278 | 0.951 | 4.581 | 5.248 | 0.750 | −0.249 | 3.648 | 3.913 | −0.455 | 2.373 | Polymodal, Very Poorly Sorted | Very Fine Sand | gravelly mud | |
Choch_3/0.6 | 4.674 | 3.435 | −0.235 | 0.839 | 5.279 | −1.249 | 5.751 | 0.750 | 4.683 | 3.257 | −0.332 | 2.110 | Polymodal, Poorly Sorted | Very Coarse Mud | gravelly mud | |
Choch_4/0.8 | 5.242 | 3.234 | −0.279 | 1.031 | 5.885 | 6.249 | −1.249 | 1.249 | 5.380 | 3.011 | −0.566 | 2.542 | Polymodal, Poorly Sorted | Coarse Mud | gravelly sandy mud | |
Choch_5/1.1 | 5.326 | 2.842 | −0.163 | 1.146 | 5.611 | 5.751 | 0.750 | 2.749 | 5.336 | 2.712 | −0.406 | 2.627 | Polymodal, Poorly Sorted | Coarse Mud | gravelly sandy mud | |
Choch_6/1.3 | 5.112 | 3.426 | −0.401 | 0.855 | 6.143 | 6.249 | 0.750 | 2.749 | 5.197 | 3.263 | −0.596 | 2.214 | Polymodal, Poorly Sorted | Coarse Mud | gravelly mud | |
Chyżne/Riss | Chyż_1/0.08 | 4.331 | 2.916 | −0.268 | 1.227 | 4.937 | 4.748 | −1.249 | 2.749 | 4.499 | 2.743 | −0.381 | 2.789 | Polymodal, Poorly Sorted | Very Coarse Mud | gravelly mud |
Chyż_2/0.15 | 3.085 | 3.519 | −0.277 | 0.824 | 4.139 | −1.749 | 4.748 | 2.749 | 3.364 | 3.329 | −0.136 | 2.043 | Polymodal, Poorly Sorted | Very Fine Sand | gravelly mud | |
Chyż_3/0.24 | 4.383 | 3.321 | −0.212 | 0.888 | 4.907 | 5.751 | 2.749 | 1.249 | 4.244 | 3.211 | −0.195 | 2.155 | Polymodal, Poorly Sorted | Very Coarse Mud | gravelly mud | |
Chyż_4/0.35 | 4.277 | 3.041 | −0.174 | 1.146 | 4.689 | 4.748 | 2.749 | −1.249 | 4.303 | 2.893 | −0.154 | 2.495 | Polymodal, Poorly Sorted | Very Coarse Mud | gravelly mud | |
Čimhova/Günz/Mindel | Či_1/0.15 | 5.094 | 2.224 | 0.345 | 1.351 | 4.496 | 4.249 | 2.749 | 5.751 | 5.069 | 2.205 | 0.443 | 3.300 | Trimodal, Poorly Sorted | Coarse Mud | sandy mud |
Či_2/0.2 | 6.116 | 2.428 | −0.107 | 0.879 | 6.325 | 4.249 | 6.749 | 7.753 | 6.031 | 2.446 | −0.301 | 2.801 | Polymodal, Poorly Sorted | Medium Mud | gravelly sandy mud | |
Či_3/0.3 | 5.723 | 2.089 | 0.297 | 0.955 | 5.223 | 4.748 | 7.753 | 3.249 | 5.706 | 2.196 | 0.143 | 2.891 | Polymodal, Poorly Sorted | Coarse Mud | sandy mud | |
Či_4/0.4 | 5.645 | 2.053 | 0.388 | 1.037 | 4.992 | 4.748 | 7.753 | - | 5.686 | 2.147 | 0.241 | 3.059 | Trimodal, Poorly Sorted | Coarse Mud | sandy mud | |
Či_5/0.5 | 5.769 | 1.885 | 0.215 | 1.218 | 5.462 | 4.748 | 7.753 | 2.749 | 5.715 | 1.920 | 0.277 | 3.487 | Bimodal, Moderately Sorted | Coarse Mud | sandy mud | |
Či_6/0.7 | 5.743 | 2.179 | 0.128 | 1.114 | 5.505 | 4.748 | 7.753 | 2.749 | 5.682 | 2.190 | −0.005 | 3.157 | Bimodal, Poorly Sorted | Coarse Mud | sandy mud | |
Či_7/0.9 | 6.364 | 1.727 | 0.327 | 0.858 | 5.994 | 4.748 | 7.753 | - | 6.409 | 1.693 | 0.729 | 2.685 | Bimodal, Moderately Sorted | Medium Mud | mud | |
Či_8/1.1 | 5.637 | 2.218 | 0.091 | 1.024 | 5.507 | 5.248 | 3.249 | 7.753 | 5.666 | 2.138 | 0.205 | 2.726 | Trimodal, Poorly Sorted | Coarse Mud | sandy mud | |
Či_9/1.3 | 5.344 | 2.246 | 0.085 | 0.947 | 5.280 | 5.248 | 3.249 | 2.249 | 5.395 | 2.157 | 0.313 | 2.630 | Polymodal, Poorly Sorted | Coarse Mud | sandy mud |
Samples | OP | Zrn | Tur | Rt | Grt | Amp | Sil | St | Ep | Ap | Cr-Spl | Chl | Mnz | Brk | ZTR | RuZi | GZi | counts | HM wt% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Günz/Mindel | Či_1 | 38.3 | 15.1 | 13.0 | 19.3 | 39.5 | 0.8 | 0.0 | 3.8 | 0.4 | 1.3 | 3.4 | 2.5 | 0.0 | 0.8 | 47 | 56 | 72 | 338 | 0.7 |
Či_2 | 43.1 | 14.7 | 18.3 | 19.1 | 35.1 | 2.8 | 0.0 | 1.6 | 1.6 | 0.4 | 2.0 | 3.6 | 0.0 | 0.8 | 52 | 56 | 70 | 351 | 0.6 | |
Či_3 | 44.2 | 11.9 | 18.6 | 18.6 | 40.4 | 0.9 | 1.2 | 1.2 | 2.0 | 0.6 | 2.0 | 2.0 | 0.0 | 0.6 | 49 | 61 | 77 | 344 | 0.7 | |
Či_4 | 38.0 | 12.9 | 16.7 | 15.0 | 43.3 | 0.0 | 0.4 | 4.3 | 1.3 | 0.0 | 1.3 | 4.3 | 0.0 | 0.4 | 45 | 54 | 77 | 333 | 0.8 | |
Či_5 | 43.9 | 11.3 | 20.9 | 15.7 | 41.3 | 0.4 | 0.0 | 2.6 | 2.6 | 0.0 | 3.0 | 2.2 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 48 | 58 | 79 | 330 | 0.7 | |
Či_6 | 40.4 | 19.0 | 17.5 | 17.5 | 33.8 | 1.5 | 0.0 | 2.7 | 1.1 | 0.0 | 3.4 | 2.7 | 0.0 | 0.8 | 54 | 48 | 64 | 363 | 0.7 | |
Či_7 | 52.4 | 10.5 | 22.2 | 20.6 | 31.9 | 1.6 | 0.0 | 2.8 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 3.2 | 7.3 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 53 | 66 | 75 | 348 | 0.7 | |
Či_8 | 58.7 | 13.8 | 29.8 | 23.9 | 18.8 | 1.8 | 0.0 | 2.8 | 0.9 | 0.0 | 2.8 | 3.7 | 0.0 | 1.8 | 67 | 63 | 58 | 318 | 0.4 | |
Či_9 | 59.2 | 16.5 | 25.7 | 27.4 | 20.9 | 0.4 | 0.0 | 2.2 | 0.4 | 0.0 | 3.5 | 2.6 | 0.0 | 0.4 | 70 | 62 | 56 | 391 | 0.4 | |
Riss | Chyż_1 | 51.9 | 17.1 | 20.1 | 26.1 | 8.4 | 8.7 | 1.3 | 4.7 | 2.7 | 0.7 | 4.0 | 1.7 | 1.3 | 3.3 | 63 | 60 | 33 | 314 | 0.9 |
Chyż_2 | 67.7 | 30.9 | 11.2 | 22.7 | 9.0 | 6.4 | 0.4 | 3.9 | 2.6 | 0.0 | 3.9 | 2.1 | 1.3 | 5.6 | 65 | 42 | 23 | 333 | 1.0 | |
Chyż_3 | 49.1 | 31.4 | 19.2 | 26.4 | 3.8 | 5.0 | 0.0 | 2.7 | 3.1 | 0.0 | 2.3 | 0.4 | 1.1 | 4.6 | 77 | 46 | 11 | 361 | 1.1 | |
Chyż_4 | 58.0 | 32.4 | 18.9 | 26.5 | 3.8 | 4.6 | 0.4 | 3.4 | 5.0 | 0.4 | 1.7 | 0.0 | 0.8 | 2.1 | 78 | 45 | 10 | 338 | 0.8 | |
Würm | Choch_1 | 39.8 | 15.0 | 5.7 | 7.1 | 23.6 | 41.1 | 0.7 | 0.0 | 2.1 | 3.2 | 0.7 | 0.0 | 0.4 | 0.4 | 28 | 32 | 61 | 350 | 1.3 |
Choch_2 | 30.6 | 4.9 | 5.9 | 2.4 | 13.2 | 62.0 | 2.4 | 1.0 | 2.9 | 2.4 | 1.5 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 1.5 | 13 | 33 | 73 | 305 | 1.1 | |
Choch_3 | 36.8 | 3.2 | 4.8 | 3.2 | 9.6 | 70.5 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 2.9 | 1.9 | 1.0 | 0.0 | 0.3 | 0.6 | 11 | 50 | 75 | 314 | 0.4 | |
Choch_4 | 40.0 | 12.4 | 9.2 | 13.7 | 35.3 | 18.3 | 2.6 | 2.0 | 3.3 | 0.0 | 1.3 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 2.0 | 35 | 53 | 74 | 353 | 0.2 | |
Choch_5 | 32.7 | 7.9 | 2.2 | 6.4 | 15.4 | 61.4 | 2.2 | 0.7 | 3.0 | 0.0 | 0.4 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.4 | 16 | 45 | 66 | 367 | 0.8 | |
Choch_6 | 31.1 | 9.1 | 5.0 | 11.2 | 24.0 | 37.6 | 2.5 | 1.7 | 1.2 | 5.8 | 0.4 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 1.7 | 25 | 55 | 73 | 342 | 0.6 |
Label | Chochołów | Chyżne | Čimhova | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
[wt%] | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 |
SiO2 | 36.74 | 37.36 | 36.12 | 37.92 | 37.07 | 38.09 | 38.33 | 37.43 | 37.37 | 37.97 | 38.36 | 38.11 |
Al2O3 | 21.08 | 20.64 | 20.34 | 21.32 | 21.07 | 21.10 | 21.16 | 21.22 | 20.79 | 21.30 | 21.35 | 21.43 |
Cr2O3 | 0.19 | 0.09 | 1.81 | 0.07 | 0.65 | 0.00 | 0.66 | 0.15 | 0.06 | 0.01 | 0.14 | 0.85 |
TiO2 | 0.03 | 0.15 | 0.04 | 0.06 | 0.16 | 0.07 | 0.21 | 0.14 | 0.03 | 0.06 | 0.07 | 0.08 |
MgO | 2.33 | 1.44 | 0.57 | 6.08 | 0.95 | 4.37 | 2.97 | 1.25 | 2.73 | 2.48 | 5.14 | 3.32 |
CaO | 1.27 | 10.73 | 0.21 | 2.00 | 8.01 | 8.88 | 10.64 | 8.22 | 0.91 | 8.17 | 3.29 | 6.98 |
MnO | 2.51 | 0.67 | 16.17 | 0.58 | 5.26 | 0.46 | 5.26 | 0.46 | 0.91 | 0.58 | 0.31 | 7.41 |
FeOtot | 36.23 | 28.46 | 25.98 | 32.05 | 27.06 | 27.56 | 22.02 | 31.61 | 37.91 | 30.54 | 32.13 | 23.74 |
Total | 100.37 | 99.54 | 101.24 | 100.07 | 100.22 | 100.53 | 101.25 | 100.47 | 100.71 | 101.10 | 100.78 | 101.91 |
Garnet End-Members [mol%] | ||||||||||||
Almandine | 81 | 62 | 59 | 69 | 61 | 57 | 47 | 70 | 84 | 66 | 70 | 51 |
Andradite | 0 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 3 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
Grossular | 3 | 29 | 0 | 4 | 21 | 22 | 27 | 23 | 2 | 22 | 8 | 17 |
Pyrope | 9 | 6 | 2 | 24 | 4 | 17 | 12 | 5 | 11 | 10 | 20 | 13 |
Spessartine | 6 | 2 | 38 | 1 | 12 | 1 | 12 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 16 |
Uvarovite | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
Locality | Chyżne | Chochołów | Čimhova | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
[wt%] | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 |
SiO2 | 34.70 | 36.18 | 35.31 | 35.94 | 37.26 | 36.86 | 35.56 | 36.65 | 35.85 | 35.92 | 36.69 | 35.79 |
TiO2 | 0.19 | 0.53 | 1.12 | 0.87 | 0.33 | 1.71 | 0.72 | 1.42 | 0.64 | 0.78 | 0.28 | 0.77 |
Al2O3 | 32.48 | 30.92 | 33.29 | 33.97 | 30.65 | 29.65 | 34.75 | 29.99 | 29.49 | 34.13 | 33.51 | 34.54 |
V2O3 | 0.03 | 0.00 | 0.06 | 0.18 | 0.00 | 0.09 | 0.05 | 0.08 | 0.07 | 0.04 | 0.13 | 0.09 |
Cr2O3 | 0.09 | 0.06 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.07 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.13 | 0.12 | 0.00 |
FeO | 13.43 | 9.97 | 7.92 | 6.54 | 5.04 | 3.27 | 6.66 | 3.08 | 10.43 | 6.91 | 10.87 | 8.75 |
MgO | 2.17 | 5.68 | 5.68 | 6.27 | 8.88 | 10.39 | 5.65 | 10.01 | 6.11 | 5.98 | 3.53 | 4.26 |
CaO | 0.08 | 0.16 | 0.96 | 0.89 | 0.09 | 2.30 | 1.13 | 2.41 | 0.38 | 0.84 | 0.02 | 0.33 |
MnO | 0.29 | 0.03 | 0.03 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.02 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.03 | 0.05 | 0.03 | 0.08 |
ZnO | 0.13 | 0.10 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.04 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.01 | 0.20 | 0.00 | 0.16 |
Na2O | 2.35 | 2.66 | 1.70 | 1.76 | 2.94 | 1.63 | 1.58 | 1.53 | 2.46 | 2.06 | 1.44 | 1.92 |
K2O | 0.05 | 0.00 | 0.02 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.03 | 0.05 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.04 | 0.00 | 0.02 |
F | 0.03 | 0.31 | 0.21 | 0.35 | 0.05 | 0.09 | 0.11 | 0.23 | 0.11 | 0.22 | 0.31 | 0.29 |
H2O * | 3.53 | 3.47 | 3.56 | 3.54 | 3.65 | 3.68 | 3.65 | 3.59 | 3.52 | 3.62 | 3.51 | 3.55 |
B2O3 * | 10.27 | 10.49 | 10.61 | 10.75 | 10.66 | 10.78 | 10.73 | 10.71 | 10.34 | 10.78 | 10.60 | 10.68 |
Li2O * | 0.15 | 0.13 | 0.25 | 0.29 | 0.34 | 0.40 | 0.37 | 0.46 | 0.10 | 0.33 | 0.15 | 0.30 |
O = F | 0.01 | 0.13 | 0.09 | 0.15 | 0.02 | 0.04 | 0.05 | 0.09 | 0.04 | 0.09 | 0.13 | 0.12 |
Total | 99.95 | 100.55 | 100.64 | 101.20 | 99.87 | 100.96 | 100.96 | 100.06 | 99.46 | 101.94 | 101.05 | 101.39 |
structural formula based on 31 anions (O. OH. F) | ||||||||||||
B | 3.000 | 3.000 | 3.000 | 3.000 | 3.000 | 3.000 | 3.000 | 3.000 | 3.000 | 3.000 | 3.000 | 3.000 |
T: Si | 5.874 | 5.998 | 5.785 | 5.811 | 6.074 | 5.940 | 5.761 | 5.945 | 6.028 | 5.788 | 6.016 | 5.823 |
Al | 0.126 | 0.002 | 0.215 | 0.189 | 0.000 | 0.060 | 0.239 | 0.055 | 0.000 | 0.212 | 0.000 | 0.177 |
Z: Al | 6.000 | 6.000 | 6.000 | 6.000 | 5.889 | 5.572 | 6.000 | 5.679 | 5.844 | 6.000 | 6.000 | 6.000 |
Mg | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.111 | 0.428 | 0.000 | 0.321 | 0.156 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Y: Al | 0.354 | 0.039 | 0.214 | 0.285 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.397 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.271 | 0.475 | 0.447 |
Ti | 0.024 | 0.066 | 0.138 | 0.106 | 0.040 | 0.207 | 0.088 | 0.173 | 0.081 | 0.095 | 0.034 | 0.095 |
V | 0.004 | 0.000 | 0.007 | 0.024 | 0.000 | 0.011 | 0.006 | 0.010 | 0.009 | 0.006 | 0.017 | 0.011 |
Cr | 0.012 | 0.008 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.009 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.016 | 0.015 | 0.000 |
Fe3+ | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Mg | 0.548 | 1.404 | 1.386 | 1.510 | 2.048 | 2.067 | 1.365 | 2.099 | 1.376 | 1.436 | 0.863 | 1.033 |
Mn | 0.042 | 0.004 | 0.004 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.003 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.004 | 0.007 | 0.005 | 0.010 |
Fe2+ | 1.902 | 1.382 | 1.085 | 0.884 | 0.687 | 0.440 | 0.902 | 0.418 | 1.466 | 0.931 | 1.491 | 1.191 |
Zn | 0.017 | 0.012 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.005 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.001 | 0.023 | 0.000 | 0.019 |
Li * | 0.100 | 0.087 | 0.166 | 0.190 | 0.225 | 0.257 | 0.242 | 0.300 | 0.064 | 0.215 | 0.100 | 0.194 |
X: Ca | 0.015 | 0.028 | 0.168 | 0.154 | 0.015 | 0.398 | 0.197 | 0.420 | 0.068 | 0.146 | 0.003 | 0.057 |
Na | 0.770 | 0.855 | 0.541 | 0.551 | 0.929 | 0.509 | 0.497 | 0.481 | 0.801 | 0.644 | 0.456 | 0.606 |
K | 0.011 | 0.000 | 0.005 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.006 | 0.010 | 0.001 | 0.002 | 0.009 | 0.000 | 0.004 |
cat sum | 18.796 | 18.883 | 18.714 | 18.705 | 19.018 | 18.913 | 18.704 | 18.902 | 18.898 | 18.798 | 18.475 | 18.667 |
Xvac | 0.204 | 0.117 | 0.286 | 0.295 | 0.056 | 0.087 | 0.296 | 0.098 | 0.130 | 0.202 | 0.541 | 0.333 |
OH | 3.986 | 3.839 | 3.889 | 3.821 | 3.972 | 3.957 | 3.944 | 3.885 | 3.944 | 3.890 | 3.837 | 3.849 |
F | 0.014 | 0.161 | 0.111 | 0.179 | 0.028 | 0.043 | 0.056 | 0.115 | 0.056 | 0.110 | 0.163 | 0.151 |
Name | Schorl | Dravite | Dravite | Dravite | Dravite | Dravite | Dravite | Dravite | Schorl | Dravite | Foitite | Schorl |
Studied Locality | Chochołów | Chyżne | Čimhova | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
[wt%] | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 1 |
SiO2 | 45.04 | 47.94 | 44.01 | 47.56 | 50.16 | 51.94 | 46.51 | 52.30 | 46.31 | 54.84 | 44.24 |
TiO2 | 0.99 | 0.86 | 1.07 | 1.03 | 0.69 | 0.41 | 0.93 | 0.15 | 1.03 | 0.04 | 0.64 |
Al2O3 | 11.85 | 8.67 | 11.32 | 8.88 | 7.35 | 5.66 | 10.87 | 0.72 | 10.00 | 0.80 | 12.08 |
Cr2O3 | 0.06 | 0.08 | 0.12 | 0.08 | 0.03 | 0.38 | 0.02 | 0.00 | 0.07 | 0.01 | 0.02 |
MnO | 0.25 | 0.28 | 0.27 | 0.28 | 0.24 | 0.25 | 0.28 | 0.77 | 0.30 | 0.57 | 0.44 |
FeO | 12.05 | 12.61 | 16.72 | 13.02 | 10.56 | 5.23 | 11.31 | 17.53 | 13.61 | 22.84 | 13.17 |
Fe2O3 * | 3.75 | 2.45 | 1.88 | 1.33 | 1.57 | 3.13 | 2.72 | 8.47 | 2.34 | 0.00 | 2.13 |
ZnO | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.07 | 0.06 | 0.06 | 0.00 | 0.17 | 0.00 | 0.01 | 0.04 | 0.00 |
MgO | 10.88 | 11.99 | 8.54 | 11.88 | 14.14 | 17.98 | 12.04 | 19.35 | 10.93 | 17.53 | 10.66 |
CaO | 10.68 | 11.33 | 11.55 | 11.79 | 11.76 | 11.44 | 11.35 | 1.16 | 11.35 | 0.86 | 11.89 |
Na2O | 1.11 | 0.86 | 0.99 | 0.79 | 0.65 | 1.12 | 1.14 | 0.01 | 0.98 | 0.04 | 1.24 |
K2O | 0.33 | 0.30 | 0.57 | 0.40 | 0.30 | 0.09 | 0.25 | 0.00 | 0.45 | 0.00 | 0.62 |
H2O+ | 2.05 | 2.06 | 2.01 | 2.06 | 2.09 | 2.13 | 2.07 | 2.05 | 2.04 | 2.07 | 2.03 |
Total | 99.05 | 99.44 | 99.11 | 99.14 | 99.58 | 99.75 | 99.65 | 102.51 | 99.41 | 99.64 | 99.16 |
Group | OH, F, Cl | ||||||||||
Subgroup | Ca | Ca | Ca | Ca | Ca | Ca | Ca | Mg-Fe-Mn | Ca | Mg-Fe-Mn | Ca |
Species | Mg-Hbl | Mg-Hbl | Fe-Hbl | Mg-Hbl | Mg-Hbl | Mg-Fe-Hbl | Mg-Hbl | Cum | Mg-Hbl | Cum | Mg-Hbl |
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Chmielowska, D.; Salata, D. Heavy Minerals as Indicators of the Source and Stratigraphic Position of the Loess-Like Deposits in the Orava Basin (Polish Western Carpathians). Minerals 2020, 10, 445. https://doi.org/10.3390/min10050445
Chmielowska D, Salata D. Heavy Minerals as Indicators of the Source and Stratigraphic Position of the Loess-Like Deposits in the Orava Basin (Polish Western Carpathians). Minerals. 2020; 10(5):445. https://doi.org/10.3390/min10050445
Chicago/Turabian StyleChmielowska, Dorota, and Dorota Salata. 2020. "Heavy Minerals as Indicators of the Source and Stratigraphic Position of the Loess-Like Deposits in the Orava Basin (Polish Western Carpathians)" Minerals 10, no. 5: 445. https://doi.org/10.3390/min10050445