Freeze–Thaw and Salt Crystallization Durability of Silica Acid Ester Consolidated Porous Limestone from Hungary
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
3. Results
3.1. Material Properties
3.2. Durability
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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KSE 100 | KSE 300 | KSE 300E | KSE 300 HV |
---|---|---|---|
Hydrocarbons, C11–C12, isoalkanes, <2% aromatics 60–80% | Tetraethyl orthosilicate 60–80% | Ethanol 40–60% | Tetraethyl orthosilicate 60–80% |
Hydrocarbons, C12–15 20–40% | Tetraethyl orthosilicate 5–10% | ||
Tetraethyl orthosilicate ≥5–<10% |
Method | Standard | Number of Samples | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
SF | SM | FR | ||
Water saturation | EN 13755 | 30 | 30 | 15 |
Capillary water absorption | EN 1925 | 10 | 10 | - |
Sodium sulphate crystallisation | EN 12370 | 30 | 30 | 15 |
Freeze–thaw durability | EN 12371 (modified) | 30 | 30 | 15 |
Splitting tensile strength | ASTM D3965 | 90 | 90 | 45 |
Limestone | KSE 100 | KSE 300 | KSE 300 E | KSE 300 HV |
---|---|---|---|---|
SF | 2.20 (0.10) | 3.56 (0.20) | 4.32 (0.14) | 4.87 (0.22) |
SM | 1.24 (0.16) | 2.26 (0.13) | 2.29 (0.29) | 2.41 (0.28) |
FR | 3.24 (0.12) | 4.57 (0.28) |
Limestone | Hg-Effective Porosity (V%) | 10–63 µm (%) | 0.1–10 µm (%) | <0.1 µm (%) | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
SF | Reference | 29.32 | 35.83 | 59.84 | 4.32 |
KSE 100 | 29.36 | 38.99 | 57.47 | 3.54 | |
KSE 300 | 27.74 | 40.05 | 54.98 | 4.96 | |
KSE 300E | 27.06 | 30.59 | 64.74 | 4.69 | |
KSE300HV | 25.42 | 14.70 | 77.31 | 7.99 | |
SM | Reference | 20.45 | 52.56 | 36.36 | 11.09 |
KSE 100 | 21.35 | 72.11 | 18.82 | 9.06 | |
KSE 300 | 21.07 | 74.20 | 18.18 | 7.60 | |
KSE 300E | 20.19 | 53.44 | 34.65 | 11.91 | |
KSE300HV | 18.24 | 40.42 | 49.98 | 9.61 | |
FR | Reference | 23.36 | 74.66 | 18.40 | 6.95 |
KSE 300 | 21.68 | 70.54 | 23.08 | 6.36 | |
KSE300HV | 22.03 | 70.20 | 21.40 | 8.42 |
Limestone | KSE 100 | KSE 300 | KSE 300 E | KSE 300 HV |
---|---|---|---|---|
SF | 1.11 | 1.53 | 1.09 | 1.21 |
SM | 1.30 | 1.61 | 1.49 | 1.48 |
FR | 1.20 | 1.37 |
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Pápay, Z.; Rozgonyi-Boissinot, N.; Török, Á. Freeze–Thaw and Salt Crystallization Durability of Silica Acid Ester Consolidated Porous Limestone from Hungary. Minerals 2021, 11, 824. https://doi.org/10.3390/min11080824
Pápay Z, Rozgonyi-Boissinot N, Török Á. Freeze–Thaw and Salt Crystallization Durability of Silica Acid Ester Consolidated Porous Limestone from Hungary. Minerals. 2021; 11(8):824. https://doi.org/10.3390/min11080824
Chicago/Turabian StylePápay, Zita, Nikoletta Rozgonyi-Boissinot, and Ákos Török. 2021. "Freeze–Thaw and Salt Crystallization Durability of Silica Acid Ester Consolidated Porous Limestone from Hungary" Minerals 11, no. 8: 824. https://doi.org/10.3390/min11080824