Petrography and Geochemistry of Hydrothermal Alteration in the Low-Sulfidation Epithermal Kestanelik Au Deposit, Biga Peninsula, NW Turkey
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Regional Geology
3. Local Geology
4. Materials and Methods
5. Results
5.1. Hydrothermal Alteration and Au Mineralization
5.2. Petrography–Mineralogy of Alteration Forms
5.2.1. Polarizing Microscope Investigations
5.2.2. X-ray Diffraction-Mineralogy of Alteration
5.3. Geochemistry
5.3.1. Petrogenic Elements
5.3.2. Rare Earth Elements
5.4. Hydrothermal Alteration Indices
5.5. Molar Ratio and Mass Gain/Loss
6. Discussion
7. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
Appendix A
Silicified Vein | |||||||||||||
Major Oxides (wt.%) | DL | KED 2-2 | KED2-6 | KED2-7 | KED2-13 | KED17-8 | KED63-2 | KED63-3 | KED63-5 | KED63-9 | KED63-10 | KED63-11 | |
SiO2 | 0.01 | 96.32 | 84.32 | 96.50 | 98.02 | 95.37 | 74.04 | 57.74 | 83.90 | 93.53 | 86.04 | 69.14 | |
Al2O3 | 0.01 | 1.20 | 6.67 | 1.23 | 0.55 | 0.97 | 11.89 | 10.85 | 6.41 | 1.19 | 6.36 | 14.33 | |
Fe2O3 | 0.04 | 0.77 | 3.18 | 0.60 | 0.61 | 1.45 | 4.49 | 8.03 | 3.87 | 3.46 | 3.09 | 6.09 | |
MgO | 0.01 | 0.09 | 0.76 | 0.05 | 0.04 | 0.04 | 1.90 | 4.13 | 1.07 | 0.10 | 0.41 | 1.79 | |
CaO | 0.01 | 0.06 | 0.06 | 0.06 | 0.10 | 0.10 | 0.29 | 4.75 | 0.13 | 0.13 | 0.09 | 0.12 | |
Na2O | 0.01 | 0.02 | 0.07 | 0.02 | <0.01 | 0.01 | 0.42 | 0.16 | 0.06 | 0.02 | 0.06 | 0.24 | |
K2O | 0.01 | 0.20 | 1.84 | 0.17 | 0.03 | 0.09 | 3.11 | 2.54 | 1.51 | 0.13 | 1.35 | 3.59 | |
TiO2 | 0.01 | 0.05 | 0.37 | 0.02 | <0.01 | <0.01 | 0.57 | 0.64 | 0.36 | 0.02 | 0.31 | 0.75 | |
P2O5 | 0.01 | 0.02 | 0.05 | <0.01 | <0.01 | 0.02 | 0.13 | 0.16 | 0.07 | 0.02 | 0.03 | 0.10 | |
MnO | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.02 | <0.01 | <0.01 | <0.01 | 0.11 | 0.47 | 0.03 | 0.02 | <0.01 | 0.03 | |
Cr2O3 | 0.002 | 0.002 | 0.022 | 0.002 | <0.002 | <0.002 | 0.015 | 0.013 | 0.012 | <0.002 | 0.009 | 0.015 | |
Total/C | 0.02 | 0.02 | 0.04 | 0.02 | 0.03 | 0.03 | 0.03 | 2.54 | 0.04 | 0.07 | 0.04 | 0.10 | |
Total/S | 0.02 | <0.02 | <0.02 | <0.02 | <0.02 | 0.46 | 0.07 | 0.13 | <0.02 | <0.02 | <0.02 | <0.02 | |
LOI | 0.1 | 1.20 | 2.60 | 1.30 | 0.60 | 1.47 | 2.90 | 10.30 | 2.50 | 1.35 | 2.20 | 3.6 | |
Total | 0.01 | 99.94 | 99.96 | 99.95 | 99.95 | 99.98 | 99.94 | 99.91 | 99.92 | 99.97 | 99.95 | 99.80 | |
Trace-REE (ppm) | |||||||||||||
Ba | 1 | 199.00 | 225.00 | 18.000 | 252.00 | 27.00 | 428.00 | 305.00 | 173.00 | 21.00 | 165.00 | 405.00 | |
Rb | 0.1 | 0.20 | 2.50 | 0.20 | <0.10 | 0.20 | 2.90 | 3.20 | 2.00 | 0.10 | 1.80 | 4.5 | |
Sr | 0.5 | 1.80 | 6.60 | 0.90 | 0.50 | 0.60 | 9.40 | 10.00 | 6.10 | 0.60 | 5.50 | 13.3 | |
Nb | 0.1 | 12.70 | 90.90 | 11.90 | 4.00 | 7.20 | 99.90 | 106.90 | 72.90 | 11.50 | 71.90 | 173.6 | |
Hf | 0.1 | 12.60 | 27.00 | 17.30 | 10.00 | 20.30 | 14.90 | 44.40 | 21.20 | 14.10 | 23.70 | 59.2 | |
Ta | 0.1 | 0.60 | 4.40 | 0.70 | <0.20 | <0.20 | 6.50 | 9.60 | 5.60 | 0.90 | 4.60 | 9.8 | |
V | 8 | 12.00 | 61.00 | <8.00 | <8.00 | 20.00 | 107.00 | 119.00 | 60.00 | 19.00 | 63.00 | 125 | |
Zr | 0.1 | 7.60 | 89.70 | 6.30 | 2.00 | 5.10 | 104.50 | 115.70 | 78.70 | 4.50 | 69.50 | 165.0 | |
Y | 0.1 | 1.70 | 23.00 | 5.90 | 0.20 | 10.40 | 14.50 | 24.90 | 19.10 | 1.80 | 14.70 | 25.4 | |
Cu | 0.1 | 15.80 | 11.30 | 9.70 | 6.80 | 20.10 | 62.30 | 75.90 | 16.20 | 8.30 | 9.50 | 18.1 | |
Pb | 0.1 | 171.30 | 57.9 | 93.50 | 65.30 | 60.90 | 18.40 | 44.50 | 16.60 | 28.90 | 20.00 | 17.9 | |
Zn | 1 | 65.00 | 86.000 | 32.00 | 18.00 | 25.00 | 62.00 | 88.00 | 54.00 | 24.00 | 21.00 | 86 | |
As | 0.5 | 15.20 | 36.40 | 10.10 | 9.70 | 615.20 | 37.00 | 37.60 | 48.60 | 318.10 | 151.10 | 41.8 | |
Sb | 0.1 | 5.80 | 12.00 | 4.70 | 1.50 | 17.20 | 21.20 | 3.10 | 25.00 | 258.00 | 76.30 | 15.7 | |
Ag | 0.1 | 2.40 | 0.20 | 0.70 | 1.00 | 2.90 | <0.10 | 0.30 | 0.20 | 0.50 | 0.50 | 0.3 | |
Au (ppb) | 0.5 | 266.20 | 80.80 | 64.70 | 434.20 | 7060.70 | 4.00 | 2.50 | 140.10 | 95.20 | 432.00 | 42.8 | |
Hg | 0.01 | 0.08 | 0.02 | 0.05 | 0.02 | 0.09 | 0.11 | 0.05 | 0.02 | 0.06 | 0.05 | 0.04 | |
La | 0.1 | 2.10 | 16.20 | 2.20 | 0.60 | 2.20 | 14.20 | 25.90 | 18.00 | 2.50 | 17.80 | 27.7 | |
Ce | 0.1 | 2.50 | 32.70 | 3.50 | 0.50 | 3.00 | 29.80 | 48.50 | 32.80 | 3,00 | 33.20 | 56.6 | |
Pr | 0.02 | 0.32 | 3.77 | 0.47 | 0.08 | 0.39 | 3.36 | 5.84 | 3.79 | 0.38 | 3.84 | 6.33 | |
Nd | 0.30 | 1.40 | 14.30 | 1.80 | 0.30 | 1.70 | 12.10 | 22.50 | 14.20 | 1.40 | 14.70 | 22.6 | |
Sm | 0.05 | 0.35 | 3.04 | 0.49 | 0.16 | 0.60 | 2.85 | 4.66 | 3.06 | 0.41 | 3.01 | 4.53 | |
Eu | 0.02 | 0.07 | 0.64 | 0.16 | 0.02 | 0.29 | 0.73 | 1.16 | 0.79 | 0.11 | 0.78 | 1.09 | |
Gd | 0.05 | 0.58 | 3.13 | 0.92 | 0.36 | 1.31 | 2.84 | 5.01 | 3.22 | 0.57 | 2.95 | 4.44 | |
Tb | 0.01 | 0.04 | 0.54 | 0.12 | 0.02 | 0.21 | 0.44 | 0.81 | 0.52 | 0.07 | 0.44 | 0.74 | |
Dy | 0.05 | 0.28 | 3.36 | 0.72 | 0.10 | 1.43 | 2.45 | 4.43 | 3.15 | 0.37 | 2.54 | 4.37 | |
Ho | 0.02 | 0.06 | 0.75 | 0.19 | <0.02 | 0.30 | 0.56 | 0.90 | 0.68 | 0.07 | 0.47 | 0.90 | |
Er | 0.03 | 0.21 | 2.13 | 0.52 | 0.03 | 0.88 | 1.77 | 2.76 | 1.97 | 0.20 | 1.47 | 2.58 | |
Tm | 0.01 | 0.03 | 0.33 | 0.08 | 0.01 | 0.12 | 0.25 | 0.41 | 0.28 | 0.04 | 0.21 | 0.39 | |
Yb | 0.05 | 0.17 | 1.98 | 0.54 | 0.10 | 0.81 | 1.87 | 2.74 | 1.80 | 0.19 | 1.49 | 2.71 | |
Lu | 0.01 | 0.04 | 0.28 | 0.09 | 0.02 | 0.12 | 0.30 | 0.40 | 0.27 | 0.03 | 0.24 | 0.40 | |
Quartz–Feldspar-Porphyry | |||||||||||||
Major Oxides (wt.%) | DL | KED6-3 | KED6-4 | KED6-5 | KED6-6 | KED6-7 | KED6-8 | KED6-10 | KED17-1 | KED17-2- | KED17-6 | KED17-7 | KED135-3 |
SiO2 | 0.01 | 67.88 | 70.41 | 69.97 | 67.10 | 71.32 | 6618 | 73.71 | 64.79 | 75.49 | 89.52 | 83.08 | 67.69 |
Al2O3 | 0.01 | 14.99 | 13.77 | 13.45 | 16.39 | 13.62 | 14.04 | 11.48 | 16.00 | 11.92 | 3.34 | 7.37 | 16.61 |
Fe2O3 | 0.04 | 3.05 | 3.61 | 2.52 | 2.59 | 2.79 | 3.48 | 3.46 | 4.57 | 2.10 | 3.35 | 2.35 | 2.31 |
MgO | 0.01 | 1.51 | 1.30 | 0.89 | 0.94 | 0.90 | 1.15 | 0.83 | 1.03 | 0.38 | 0.10 | 0.47 | 0.56 |
CaO | 0.01 | 0.30 | 0.33 | 0.26 | 0.31 | 0.34 | 0.28 | 0.22 | 0.35 | 0.13 | 0.07 | 0.15 | 0.17 |
Na2O | 0.01 | 2.82 | 1.30 | 0.31 | 0.71 | 1.16 | 0.34 | 0.69 | 0.25 | 0.19 | 0.09 | 0.08 | 0.25 |
K2O | 0.01 | 7.00 | 6.61 | 8.90 | 8.27 | 6.68 | 9.21 | 6.79 | 9.03 | 6.89 | 2.06 | 4.34 | 8.13 |
TiO2 | 0.01 | 0.36 | 0.40 | 0.39 | 0.44 | 0.40 | 0.42 | 0.35 | 0.45 | 0.34 | 0.08 | 0.19 | 0.48 |
P2O5 | 0.01 | 0.14 | 0.14 | 0.13 | 0.15 | 0.13 | 0.14 | 0.12 | 0.13 | 0.03 | 0.03 | 0.05 | 0.05 |
MnO | 0.01 | 0.07 | 0.07 | 0.05 | 0.04 | 0.05 | 0.06 | 0.05 | 0.03 | 0.01 | <0.01 | 0.03 | 0.02 |
Cr2O3 | 0.002 | 0.004 | <0.002 | <0.002 | <0.002 | <0.002 | <0.002 | <0.002 | <0.002 | <0.002 | <0.002 | <0.002 | <0.002 |
Total/C | 0.02 | 0.02 | 0.03 | 0.02 | 0.03 | 0.03 | 0.06 | <0.02 | 0.04 | 0.04 | 0.04 | 0.03 | <0.02 |
Total/S | 0.02 | 0.45 | 0.05 | 0.62 | 0.38 | 0.11 | 1.22 | 1.22 | <0.02 | <0.02 | 0.54 | <0.02 | <0.02 |
LOI | 0.1 | 1.31 | 1.90 | 2.35 | 2.51 | 2.50 | 3.30 | 0.95 | 3.20 | 2.40 | 0.78 | 1.80 | 3.60 |
Total | 0.01 | 99.88 | 99.89 | 99.84 | 99.83 | 99.97 | 99.82 | 99.87 | 99.83 | 99.88 | 99.96 | 99.91 | 99.87 |
Trace-REE (ppm) | |||||||||||||
Ba | 1 | 230.00 | 670.00 | 674.00 | 791.00 | 668.00 | 647.00 | 583.00 | 836.00 | 575.00 | 190.00 | 142.00 | 866.00 |
Rb | 0.1 | 3.50 | 3.30 | 3.10 | 3.30 | 3.00 | 3.00 | 2.60 | 3.20 | 2.80 | 0.60 | 1.40 | 2.90 |
Sr | 0.5 | 3.70 | 6.40 | 6.30 | 7.10 | 6.70 | 6.30 | 5.50 | 7.10 | 5.70 | 2.00 | 3.00 | 6.70 |
Nb | 0.1 | 365.00 | 315.80 | 426.70 | 404.40 | 319.70 | 442.20 | 307.50 | 420.60 | 325.50 | 97.20 | 217.00 | 371.80 |
Hf | 0.1 | 65.60 | 159.00 | 124.70 | 114.30 | 171.80 | 143.40 | 72.20 | 78.60 | 90.30 | 30.80 | 36.90 | 96.60 |
Ta | 0.1 | 3.90 | 9.10 | 10.00 | 11.10 | 9.70 | 9.60 | 9.10 | 10.80 | 8.10 | 2.40 | 4.30 | 10.80 |
V | 8 | 50.00 | 76.00 | 74.00 | 74.00 | 68.00 | 74.00 | 59.00 | 83.00 | 51.00 | 23.00 | 43.00 | 75.00 |
Zr | 0.1 | 134.90 | 121.30 | 105.60 | 113.20 | 108.30 | 109.50 | 99.00 | 113.60 | 93.00 | 19.60 | 53.40 | 109.00 |
Y | 0.1 | 26.00 | 10.50 | 11.60 | 13.90 | 14.50 | 13.60 | 12.00 | 12.30 | 10.30 | 4.10 | 8.60 | 12.20 |
Cu | 0.1 | 12.80 | 10.40 | 12.40 | 16.10 | 26.60 | 34.60 | 9.30 | 8.30 | 7.10 | 22.50 | 20.80 | 6.60 |
Pb | 0.1 | 60.90 | 35.90 | 53.40 | 29.40 | 13.50 | 102.10 | 32.40 | 31.40 | 34.70 | 69.60 | 46.80 | 7.20 |
Zn | 1 | 93.00 | 49.00 | 34.00 | 31.00 | 32.00 | 54.00 | 40.00 | 97.00 | 33.00 | 26.00 | 62.00 | 22.00 |
As | 0.5 | 413.70 | 5.50 | 340.90 | 458.20 | 175.50 | 1376.50 | 213.60 | 154.20 | 85.60 | 356.00 | 68.40 | 43.60 |
Sb | 0.1 | 7.30 | 1.00 | 10.60 | 8.20 | 3.90 | 28.80 | 3.00 | 23.00 | 9.80 | 19.40 | 14.70 | 6.60 |
Ag | 0.1 | 0.20 | 0.10 | 0.20 | 0.40 | 0.20 | 0.30 | 0.70 | 0.20 | 0.20 | 2.60 | 0.30 | 0.10 |
Au (ppb) | 0.5 | 26.10 | 39.60 | 25.70 | 2.30 | 2.40 | 59.20 | 436.00 | 71.10 | 171.50 | 1205.10 | 461.20 | 136.20 |
Hg | 0.01 | 0.11 | 0.03 | 0.29 | 0.24 | 0.11 | 0.66 | 0.10 | 0.01 | 0.02 | 0.16 | 0.03 | <0.01 |
La | 0.1 | 13.50 | 20.60 | 22.30 | 26.00 | 20.50 | 25.00 | 22.30 | 21.20 | 20.70 | 7.50 | 11.20 | 23.60 |
Ce | 0.1 | 26.30 | 37.10 | 39.70 | 47.80 | 37.10 | 45.30 | 39.10 | 38.90 | 34.10 | 12.60 | 20.00 | 40.20 |
Pr | 0.02 | 3.40 | 4.02 | 4.28 | 5.08 | 3.85 | 5.06 | 4.32 | 4.57 | 3.78 | 1.43 | 2.18 | 4.49 |
Nd | 0.30 | 11.20 | 14.80 | 14.70 | 18.30 | 13.10 | 18.20 | 16.00 | 16.50 | 13.40 | 5.70 | 8.00 | 16.30 |
Sm | 0.05 | 2.58 | 2.95 | 2.93 | 3.42 | 2.87 | 3.65 | 2.95 | 3.13 | 2.70 | 1.09 | 1.60 | 3.44 |
Eu | 0.02 | 0.75 | 0.80 | 0.80 | 1.09 | 0.79 | 0.96 | 0.82 | 0.92 | 0.77 | 0.22 | 0.44 | 0.85 |
Gd | 0.05 | 2.97 | 2.84 | 2.68 | 3.40 | 2.74 | 3.30 | 2.93 | 2.98 | 2.59 | 1.12 | 1.75 | 2.98 |
Tb | 0.01 | 0.55 | 0.39 | 0.40 | 0.47 | 0.42 | 0.47 | 0.40 | 0.42 | 0.37 | 0.13 | 0.25 | 0.41 |
Dy | 0.05 | 3.55 | 1.99 | 2.01 | 2.52 | 2.39 | 2.53 | 2.19 | 2.43 | 1.98 | 0.78 | 1.33 | 2.18 |
Ho | 0.02 | 0.82 | 0.37 | 0.43 | 0.49 | 0.55 | 0.49 | 0.43 | 0.52 | 0.38 | 0.13 | 0.31 | 0.45 |
Er | 0.03 | 2.32 | 1.12 | 1.17 | 1.49 | 1.56 | 1.43 | 1.24 | 1.43 | 1.19 | 0.43 | 0.89 | 1.24 |
Tm | 0.01 | 0.37 | 0.19 | 0.20 | 0.27 | 0.25 | 0.22 | 0.19 | 0.23 | 0.18 | 0.06 | 0.15 | 0.18 |
Yb | 0.05 | 2.30 | 1.30 | 1.28 | 1.59 | 1.59 | 1.56 | 1.40 | 1.63 | 1.21 | 0.44 | 0.95 | 1.48 |
Lu | 0.01 | 0.37 | 0.21 | 0.20 | 0.28 | 0.24 | 0.25 | 0.23 | 0.27 | 0.19 | 0.09 | 0.15 | 0.23 |
Quartz–Mica Schist | |||||||||||||
Major Oxides (wt.%) | DL | KED2-5 | KED2-11 | KED6-11 | KED44-2 | KED44-3 | KED44-12 | KED70-1 | KED70-2 | ||||
SiO2 | 0.01 | 90.65 | 95.19 | 80.37 | 87.95 | 78.10 | 52.92 | 95.78 | 71.54 | ||||
Al2O3 | 0.01 | 2.79 | 1.88 | 9.22 | 4.66 | 8.78 | 14.85 | 1.19 | 9.37 | ||||
Fe2O3 | 0.04 | 2.88 | 1.15 | 2.91 | 2.67 | 4.66 | 14.06 | 0.65 | 7.92 | ||||
MgO | 0.01 | 0.21 | 0.16 | 0.49 | 0.73 | 2.00 | 4.78 | 0.09 | 3.08 | ||||
CaO | 0.01 | 0.004 | 0.06 | 0.09 | 0.13 | 0.15 | 0.44 | 0.07 | 0.17 | ||||
Na2O | 0.01 | 0.03 | 0.03 | 0.09 | 0.03 | 0.04 | 0.06 | 0.01 | 0.03 | ||||
K2O | 0.01 | 0.99 | 0.37 | 3.61 | 1.60 | 2.44 | 3.56 | 0.11 | 2.77 | ||||
TiO2 | 0.01 | 0.13 | 0.07 | 0.45 | 0.22 | 0.50 | 1.63 | 0.01 | 0.68 | ||||
P2O5 | 0.01 | 0.07 | 0.02 | 0.06 | 0.05 | 0.07 | 0.15 | 0.07 | 0.09 | ||||
MnO | 0.01 | 0.02 | 0.02 | <0.01 | 0.01 | 0.03 | 0.07 | <0.01 | 0.04 | ||||
Cr2O3 | 0.002 | 0.008 | 0.004 | 0.010 | 0.004 | 0.035 | 0.036 | <0.002 | 0.030 | ||||
Total/C | 0.02 | 0.08 | 0.03 | 0.04 | <0.02 | 0.03 | 0.02 | 0.79 | 0.07 | ||||
Total/S | 0.02 | 0.06 | <0.02 | <0.02 | <0.02 | <0.02 | <0.02 | <0.02 | <0.02 | ||||
LOI | 0.1 | 2.10 | 1.00 | 2.60 | 1.90 | 3.10 | 7.20 | 2.00 | 4.10 | ||||
Total | 0.01 | 99.98 | 99.95 | 99.90 | 99.95 | 99.91 | 99.77 | 99.98 | 99.82 | ||||
Trace-REE (ppm) | |||||||||||||
Ba | 1 | 90.00 | 92.00 | 281.00 | 120.00 | 279.00 | 95.00 | 36.00 | 208.00 | ||||
Rb | 0.1 | 0.80 | 0.60 | 3.30 | 1.30 | 2.80 | 2.80 | 0.20 | 2.30 | ||||
Sr | 0.5 | 2.50 | 1.70 | 8.60 | 4.10 | 8.90 | 1.80 | 0.40 | 11.00 | ||||
Nb | 0.1 | 49.40 | 21.80 | 191.10 | 67.80 | 113.00 | 177.80 | 10.20 | 132.40 | ||||
Hf | 0.1 | 16.20 | 19.00 | 58.00 | 24.50 | 18.40 | 75.20 | 149.60 | 47.60 | ||||
Ta | 0.1 | 2.10 | 1.00 | 6.70 | 4.00 | 6.60 | <0.20 | 0.80 | 5.90 | ||||
V | 8 | 25.00 | 18.00 | 71.00 | 41.00 | 75.00 | 319.00 | 10.00 | 103.00 | ||||
Zr | 0.1 | 33.90 | 24.10 | 129.70 | 47.30 | 105.00 | 100.50 | 6.0 | 94.60 | ||||
Y | 0.1 | 5.30 | 2.70 | 14.60 | 13.10 | 20.50 | 30.10 | 4.000 | 17.50 | ||||
Cu | 0.1 | 33.50 | 15.90 | 13.90 | 16.70 | 22.30 | 40.60 | 54.60 | 33.70 | ||||
Pb | 0.1 | 128.10 | 95.10 | 27.90 | 24.80 | 13.70 | 21.80 | 26.00 | 28.00 | ||||
Zn | 1 | 49.00 | 54.00 | 21.00 | 38.00 | 88.00 | 128.00 | 16.00 | 101.00 | ||||
As | 0.5 | 169.80 | 16.10 | 99.50 | 105.60 | 118.60 | 326.20 | 10.90 | 422.40 | ||||
Sb | 0.1 | 7.80 | 3.60 | 18.90 | 25.80 | 17.00 | 40.70 | 8.90 | 58.90 | ||||
Ag | 0.1 | 0.70 | 0.70 | 0.30 | 0.20 | <0.10 | 0.20 | 10.40 | 0.40 | ||||
Au (ppb) | 0.5 | 376.40 | 376.70 | 552.1 | 79.4 | 18.70 | 128.00 | 903.10 | 158.10 | ||||
Hg | 0.01 | 0.06 | 0.04 | 0.04 | 0.01 | <0.01 | 0.020 | 2.87 | 0.02 | ||||
La | 0.1 | 7.60 | 2.40 | 19.5 | 19.6 | 23.30 | 3.70 | 5.20 | 22.90 | ||||
Ce | 0.1 | 11.30 | 3.40 | 37.6 | 33.8 | 45.40 | 6.50 | 6.70 | 43.80 | ||||
Pr | 0.02 | 1.19 | 0.54 | 4.51 | 4.58 | 5.54 | 1.23 | 0.84 | 5.02 | ||||
Nd | 0.30 | 4.40 | 2.00 | 17.5 | 17.0 | 21.80 | 6.30 | 4.00 | 19.90 | ||||
Sm | 0.05 | 0.99 | 0.55 | 3.57 | 3.37 | 4.29 | 2.19 | 1.10 | 4.03 | ||||
Eu | 0.02 | 0.20 | 0.10 | 0.75 | 0.74 | 0.94 | 0.74 | 0.24 | 0.85 | ||||
Gd | 0.05 | 1.04 | 0.72 | 3.13 | 3.08 | 4.19 | 3.87 | 1.12 | 3.85 | ||||
Tb | 0.01 | 0.15 | 0.08 | 0.47 | 0.41 | 0.62 | 0.76 | 0.12 | 0.57 | ||||
Dy | 0.05 | 0.88 | 0.48 | 2.47 | 2.21 | 3.30 | 5.10 | 0.64 | 3.07 | ||||
Ho | 0.02 | 0.20 | 0.09 | 0.56 | 0.44 | 0.69 | 1.17 | 0.13 | 0.64 | ||||
Er | 0.03 | 0.58 | 0.25 | 1.58 | 1.28 | 2.01 | 3.31 | 0.35 | 1.84 | ||||
Tm | 0.01 | 0.10 | 0.05 | 0.24 | 0.20 | 0.30 | 0.50 | 0.05 | 0.27 | ||||
Yb | 0.05 | 0.67 | 0.29 | 1.74 | 1.30 | 1.92 | 3.27 | 0.31 | 1.77 | ||||
Lu | 0.01 | 0.11 | 0.05 | 0.25 | 0.21 | 0.32 | 0.50 | 0.05 | 0.27 |
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Sample Number | Sample Type | Qtz | I-M | Sme+I-M | Kln | Fld | Chl | Kln+Chl | Sme+Chl | Sme | Cal | Dol | Hm | Alu | Hbl |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
KED02-02 | SV | 16 | 3 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
KED02-06 | SV | 16 | 10 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 6 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 3 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
KED02-07 | SV | 16 | 6 | 0 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
KED02-13 | SV | 17 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
KED17-08 | SV | 15 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
KED63-02 | SV | 17 | 8 | 1 | 2 | 4 | 11 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
KED63-03 | SV | 8 | 9 | 0 | 2 | 1 | 10 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
KED63-05 | SV | 17 | 8 | 1 | 5 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
KED63-09 | SV | 15 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
KED63-10 | SV | 17 | 8 | 0 | 6 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
KED63-11 | SV | 16 | 8 | 0 | 2 | 1 | 9 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 4 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
KED06-03 | QFP | 15 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 5 | 7 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
KED06-04 | QFP | 16 | 7 | 0 | 1 | 13 | 9 | 0 | 0 | 4 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
KED06-05 | QFP | 14 | 6 | 0 | 2 | 11 | 6 | 0 | 0 | 5 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
KED06-06 | QFP | 15 | 6 | 1 | 1 | 12 | 6 | 0 | 1 | 9 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
KED06-07 | QFP | 18 | 3 | 0 | 1 | 11 | 5 | 0 | 1 | 7 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
KED06-08 | QFP | 13 | 4 | 0 | 2 | 9 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
KED06-10 | QFP | 15 | 4 | 0 | 1 | 11 | 9 | 0 | 0 | 4 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
KED17-01 | QFP | 11 | 7 | 0 | 0 | 9 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
KED17-02 | QFP | 12 | 6 | 0 | 0 | 10 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
KED17-06 | QFP | 16 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
KED17-07 | QFP | 15 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 8 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
KED135-3 | QFP | 17 | 7 | 1 | 4 | 12 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 9 | 3 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 0 |
KED02-05 | QMS | 16 | 8 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
KED02-11 | QMS | 16 | 8 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
KED06-11 | QMS | 14 | 9 | 0 | 6 | 8 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
KED44-02 | QMS | 16 | 6 | 3 | 2 | 3 | 8 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
KED44-03 | QMS | 17 | 9 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 7 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
KED44-12 | QMS | 15 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 5 | 13 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
KED70-01 | QMS | 18 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
KED70-02 | QMS | 15 | 9 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 12 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Sample Type | Mean Eu/Eu* | La/Yb | La/Sm | LREE/HREE | ƩREE |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Silicified vein | 0.72 | 5.87 | 3.30 | 2.85 | 65.95 |
Quartz–feldspar porphyry | 0.82 | 9.84 | 4.41 | 4.04 | 81.06 |
Quartz–mica schist | 0.66 | 7.49 | 3.21 | 3.12 | 63.24 |
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Kiray, D.; Cengiz, O. Petrography and Geochemistry of Hydrothermal Alteration in the Low-Sulfidation Epithermal Kestanelik Au Deposit, Biga Peninsula, NW Turkey. Minerals 2024, 14, 379. https://doi.org/10.3390/min14040379
Kiray D, Cengiz O. Petrography and Geochemistry of Hydrothermal Alteration in the Low-Sulfidation Epithermal Kestanelik Au Deposit, Biga Peninsula, NW Turkey. Minerals. 2024; 14(4):379. https://doi.org/10.3390/min14040379
Chicago/Turabian StyleKiray, Didem, and Oya Cengiz. 2024. "Petrography and Geochemistry of Hydrothermal Alteration in the Low-Sulfidation Epithermal Kestanelik Au Deposit, Biga Peninsula, NW Turkey" Minerals 14, no. 4: 379. https://doi.org/10.3390/min14040379