Reliability of Frail and Barthel Tests for Detecting Frailty in Palliative Oncological Patients in a Home Hospitalization Unit: A Comparative Study
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Design and Sample
2.2. Procedure
2.3. Ethical Considerations
2.4. Analysis of Data
3. Results
3.1. Descriptive Data and Sociodemographic Data
3.2. Psychometric Assessment
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Demographic and Descriptive Data | Total Group n = 50 Mean ± SD (Rank) | Woman n = 23 Mean ± SD (Rank) | Man n = 27 Mean ± SD (Rank) | p-Value |
---|---|---|---|---|
Age (years) | 79.78 ± 10.87 (76.68–82.87) | 80.73 ± 1.37 (76.25–85.22) | 78. 96 ± 11. 41 (74.44–83.47) | <0.001 |
Weight (kg) | 64.54 ± 14.56 (60.39–68.68) | 61.41 ± 14.70 (55.05–67.77) | 67.20 ± 14.18 (61.59–72.81) | <0.001 |
Height (m) | 1.62 ± 0.09 (1.60–1.65) | 1.55 ± 0.06 (1.52–1.58) | 1.68 ± 0.06 (1.65–1.71) | <0.001 |
BMI (kg/m2) | 24.32 ± 4.92 (22.92–25.72) | 25.21 ± 5.59 (55.05–67.77) | 23.57 ± 4.24 (21.89–25.25) | <0.001 |
n = 50 | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Frail-VIG Index | Mean ± SD (95% CI) | Item Correlation—Corrected Total | Cronbach’s Alpha If Element Is Deleted | p-Value | |
FUNCTIONAL | Item 1. Money management | 0.64 ± 0.48 (0.50–0.77) | 0.294 | 0.714 | <0.001 |
Item 2. Using the telephone | 0.44 ± 0.50 (0.29–0.58) | 0.630 | 0.688 | <0.001 | |
Item 3. Medication control | 0.52 ± 0.50 (0.37–0.66) | 0.677 | 0.684 | <0.001 | |
Item 4. Barthel Index | 1.60 ± 0.94 (1.33–1.86) | 0.755 | 0.650 | <0.001 | |
NUTRITIONAL | Item 5. Malnutrition | 0.68 ± 0.47 (0.54–0.81) | 0.134 | 0.632 | <0.001 |
COGNITIVE | Item 6. Degree of cognitive impairment | 0.48 ± 0.64 (0.29–0.66) | 0.475 | 0.724 | <0.001 |
EMOTIONAL | Item 7. Depressive syndrome | 0.20 ± 0.40 (0.08–0.31) | 0.028 | 0.696 | <0.001 |
Item 8. Insomnia/Anxiety | 0.62 ± 0.49 (0.48–0.75) | 0.350 | 0.730 | <0.001 | |
SOCIAL | Item 9. Social vulnerability | 0. 10 ± 0.30 (0.01–0.18) | −0.025 | 0.710 | 0.024 |
GERIATRIC SYNDROMES | Item 10. Delirium | 0.20 ± 0.40 (0.08–0.31) | 0.285 | 0.730 | <0.001 |
Item 11. Falls | 0.16 ± 0.37 (0.05–0.26) | −0.050 | 0.715 | 0.004 | |
Item 12. Ulcers | 0.28 ± 0.45 (0.15–0.40) | 0.380 | 0.733 | <0.001 | |
Item 13. Polypharmacy | 0.84 ± 0.37 (0.73–0.94) | 0.301 | 0.708 | <0.001 | |
Item 14. Dysphagia | 0.14 ± 0.35 (0.04–0.23) | 0.176 | 0.715 | 0.007 | |
SEVERE SYMPTOMS | Item 15. Pain | 0.64 ± 0.48 (0.50–0.77) | −0.069 | 0.721 | <0.001 |
Item 16. Dyspnea | 0.26 ± 0.44 (0.13–0.38) | −0.003 | 0.738 | <0.001 | |
DISEASES | Item 17. Cancer | 1.00 ± 0.00 | NA | 0.733 | NA |
Item 18. Respiratory | 0.30 ± 0.46 (0.16–0.43) | −0.233 | 0.747 | <0.001 | |
Item 19. Cardiac | 0.42 ± 0.49 (0.27–0.56) | 0.185 | 0.721 | <0.001 | |
Item 20. Neurological | 0.14 ± 0.35 (0.04–0.23) | 0.241 | 0.718 | 0.007 | |
Item 21. Digestive | 0.34 ± 0.47 (0.20–0.47) | −0. 006 | 0.734 | <0.001 | |
Item 22. Renal | 0.32 ± 0.47 (0.18–0.45) | 0.240 | 0.717 | <0.001 |
n = 50 | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Barthel Index | Mean ± SD (95% CI) | Item Correlation—Corrected Total | Cronbach’s Alpha If Element Is Deleted | p-Value |
Eat | 7.20 ± 3.66 (6.15–8.24) | 0.724 | 0.933 | <0.001 |
Wash | 2.40 ± 2.52 (1.68–3.11) | 0.737 | 0.935 | <0.001 |
Dress | 4.70 ± 3.55 (3.68–5.71) | 0.796 | 0.930 | <0.001 |
Get ready | 2.80 ± 2.50 (2.08–3.51) | 0.724 | 0.936 | <0.001 |
Depositions | 6.30 ± 3.88 (5.19–7.40) | 0.642 | 0.937 | <0.001 |
Urination | 5.30 ± 4.33 (4.06–6.53) | 0.723 | 0.933 | <0.001 |
Toilet | 5.00 ± 3.91 (3.88–6.11) | 0.843 | 0.928 | <0.001 |
Transfers | 8.70 ± 5.32 (7.18–10.21) | 0.891 | 0.925 | <0.001 |
Ambulation | 9.00 ± 5.89 (7.32–10.67) | 0.891 | 0.927 | <0.001 |
Steps | 3.40 ± 3.56 (2.38–4.41) | 0.750 | 0.932 | <0.001 |
Frail-VIG Index | Barthel Eat r (P) | Barthel Wash r (P) | Barthel Dress r (P) | Barthel Get Ready r (P) | Barthel Depositions r (P) | Barthel Urination r (P) | Barthel Use the Toilet r (P) | Barthel Move r (P) | Barthel Wander r (P) | Barthel Steps r (P) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
FUNCTIONAL | −0.718 (<0.001) | −0.650 (<0.001) | −0.770 (<0.001) | −0.661 (<0.001) | −0.637 (<0.001) | −0.704 (<0.001) | −0.810 (<0.001) | −0.831 (<0.001) | −0.805 (<0.001) | −0.730 (<0.001) |
NUTRITIONAL | 0.820 (0.569) | 0.144 (0.318) | 0.010 (0.947) | 0.169 (0.240) | 0.058 (0.690) | 0.000 (1.000) | −0.111 (0.444) | 0.029 (0.840) | 0.050 (0.731) | 0.011 (0.938) |
COGNITIVE | −0.614 (<0.001) | −0.327 (0.021) | −0.391 (0.005) | −0.457 (<0.001) | −0.368 (0.009) | −0.473 (<0.001) | −0.415 (0.003) | −0.487 (<0.001) | −0.399 (0.004) | −0.361 (0.010) |
EMOTIONAL | −0.203 (0.158) | 0.020 (0.892) | −0.277 (0.052) | −0.156 (0.278) | −0.233 (0.104) | −0.008 (0.958) | −0.239 (0.094) | −0.132 (0.362) | −0.183 (0.203) | −0.103 (0.475) |
SOCIAL | 0.162 (0.261) | 0.080 (0.580) | 0.030 (0.835) | 0.111 (0.369) | 0.027 (0.853) | 0.137 (0.342) | −0.030 (0.839) | 0.086 (0.552) | 0.002 (0.987) | 0.044 (0.763) |
GERIATRIC SYNDROMES | −0.451 (<0.001) | −0.465 (<0.001) | −0.509 (<0.001) | −0.494 (<0.001) | −0.256 (0.073) | −0.486 (<0.001) | −0.449 (<0.001) | −0.546 (<0.001) | −0.482 (<0.001) | −0.441 (<0.001) |
SEVERE SYMPTOMS | −0.004 (0.979) | 0.051 (0.724) | 0.115 (0.427) | 0.088 (0.544) | −0.047 (0.748) | 0.154 (0.285) | −0.021 (0.883) | 0.106 (0.465) | 0.173 (0.230) | −0.007 (0.961) |
DISEASES | −0.055 (0.703) | −.210 (0.144) | −0.169 (0.239) | −0.047 (0.745) | −0.295 (0.038) | −0.259 80.070) | −0.202 (0.160) | −0.268 (0.060) | −0.181 (0.209 | −0.356 (0.011) |
Frail-VIG Index | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Domain | Item | YES | NO | |||
FUNCTIONAL | Item 1. Money management | 32 (64%) | 18 (36%) | |||
Item 2. Using the telephone | 22 (44%) | 28 (56%) | ||||
Item 3. Medication control | 26 (52%) | 24 (48%) | ||||
DEPENDENCE | Item 4. Barthel Index | Without dependence (BI ≥ 95) | Mild–moderate dependence (BI 90–65) | Moderate–severe dependence (BI 60–25) | Absolute dependence (BI ≤ 20) | |
6 (12%) | 18 (36%) | 16 (32%) | 10 (20%) | |||
NUTRITIONAL | Item 5. Malnutrition | YES | NO | |||
34 (68%) | 16 (32%) | |||||
COGNITIVE | Item 6. Degree of cognitive impairment | No cognitive impairment | Mild–moderate | Serious, very serious | ||
YES | 16 (32%) | 4 (8%) | ||||
30 (60%) | NO | |||||
EMOTIONAL | Item 7. Depressive syndrome | 10 (20%) | 40 (80%) | |||
Item 8. Insomnia/Anxiety | 31 (62%) | 19 (38%) | ||||
SOCIAL | Item 9. Social vulnerability | 5 (10%) | 45 (90%) | |||
GERIATRIC SYNDROMES | Item 10. Delirium | 10 (20%) | 40 (80%) | |||
Item 11. Falls | 8 (16%) | 42 (84%) | ||||
Item 12. Ulcers | 14 (28%) | 36 (72%) | ||||
Item 13. Polypharmacy | 42 (84%) | 8 (16%) | ||||
Item 14. Dysphagia | 7 (14%) | 43 (86%) | ||||
SEVERE SYMPTOMS | Item 15. Pain | 32 (64%) | 18 (36%) | |||
Item 16. Dyspnea | 13 (26%) | 37 (74%) | ||||
DISEASES | Item 17. Cancer | 50 (100%) | 0 (0%) | |||
Item 18. Respiratory | 15 (30%) | 35 (70%) | ||||
Item 19. Cardiac | 21 (42%) | 29 (58%) | ||||
Item 20. Neurological | 7 (14%) | 43 (86%) | ||||
Item 21. Digestive | 17 (34%) | 33 (66%) | ||||
Item 22. Renal | 16 (32%) | 34 (68%) |
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León-Ramón, S.; Navarro-Flores, E.; Losa-Iglesias, M.E.; Becerro-de-Bengoa-Vallejo, R.; Jiménez-Cebrián, A.M.; Romero-Morales, C.; Palomo-López, P.; López-López, D. Reliability of Frail and Barthel Tests for Detecting Frailty in Palliative Oncological Patients in a Home Hospitalization Unit: A Comparative Study. Life 2022, 12, 286. https://doi.org/10.3390/life12020286
León-Ramón S, Navarro-Flores E, Losa-Iglesias ME, Becerro-de-Bengoa-Vallejo R, Jiménez-Cebrián AM, Romero-Morales C, Palomo-López P, López-López D. Reliability of Frail and Barthel Tests for Detecting Frailty in Palliative Oncological Patients in a Home Hospitalization Unit: A Comparative Study. Life. 2022; 12(2):286. https://doi.org/10.3390/life12020286
Chicago/Turabian StyleLeón-Ramón, Susana, Emmanuel Navarro-Flores, Marta Elena Losa-Iglesias, Ricardo Becerro-de-Bengoa-Vallejo, Ana María Jiménez-Cebrián, Carlos Romero-Morales, Patricia Palomo-López, and Daniel López-López. 2022. "Reliability of Frail and Barthel Tests for Detecting Frailty in Palliative Oncological Patients in a Home Hospitalization Unit: A Comparative Study" Life 12, no. 2: 286. https://doi.org/10.3390/life12020286