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Article

Primary and Secondary Physiological Stress Responses of European Sea Bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) Due to Rearing Practices under Aquaculture Farming Conditions in M’diq Bay, Moroccan Mediterranean: The Case of Sampling Operation for Size and Weight Measurement

by
Soumaya Cheyadmi
1,*,
Housni Chadli
2,
Hassan Nhhala
3,
Bouchra El Yamlahi
4,
Mohammed El Maadoudi
5,
Ayoub Kounnoun
5,
Francesco Cacciola
6,*,
Ayoub Ez-Zaaim
5 and
Hicham Chairi
1
1
Research Team in Biological Engineering, Agri-Food and Aquaculture, Department of Biology, Polydisciplinary Faculty of Larache, Abdelmalek Essaâdi University, Tetouan 93030, Morocco
2
Aqua M’diq Marine Fish Farm, M’diq 93200, Morocco
3
Department of Earth Sciences, Faculty of Sciences and Technologies of Tangier, Abdelmalek Essaâdi University, Tetouan 93030, Morocco
4
Laboratory of Biomedical Genomics and Oncogenetics, Faculty of Sciences and Technologies of Tangier, Abdelmalek Essaâdi University, Tetouan 93030, Morocco
5
Regional Laboratory for Analysis and Research—National Office for Food Safety ONSSA, Tangier 90000, Morocco
6
Department of Biomedical, Dental, Morphological and Functional Imaging Sciences, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy
*
Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Life 2023, 13(1), 110; https://doi.org/10.3390/life13010110
Submission received: 15 December 2022 / Revised: 24 December 2022 / Accepted: 25 December 2022 / Published: 30 December 2022
(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Insights into Marine Drugs Discovery)
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Abstract

Globally, aquaculture contributes to sustainable food and nutritional stability. However, stress conditions constitute a major threat affecting farmed-fish welfare and fish farms’ performances. In this regard, the present study was aimed at measuring and comparing in-situ (offshore) the physiological stress responses caused by recurrent sampling operations for length–weight measurement. Studied fish were European sea bass Dicentrarchus labrax sub-adults and adults reared in intensive farming conditions in M’diq Bay, on the Moroccan Mediterranean coast. The physiological stress response was evaluated by measuring blood biomarkers, including cortisol, glucose, lactate, total cholesterol and total proteins levels, and hematocrit percentage. The hypercortisolemia, hyperglycemia, hyperlactatemia and hypoproteinemia detected in the post-sampling state in both age groups of D. labrax indicated stress tendencies and a high sensitivity to aquaculture practice-related stress factors, with major and minor responses detected in the same age and same stress conditions. It is also interesting to note that the fish age and the time-course of the sampling operation had a statistically significant effect in terms of the physiological response (with p < 0.01 and p < 0.001, respectively). In conclusion, the present study showed that sea bass subjected to various stressful situations in intensive farming conditions displayed a physiological stress response specific to its age, to the individual status, as well as to the duration of stressor.
Keywords: stress; sampling for weight-length measurement; European sea bass; M’diq Bay; physiological responses stress; sampling for weight-length measurement; European sea bass; M’diq Bay; physiological responses

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MDPI and ACS Style

Cheyadmi, S.; Chadli, H.; Nhhala, H.; El Yamlahi, B.; El Maadoudi, M.; Kounnoun, A.; Cacciola, F.; Ez-Zaaim, A.; Chairi, H. Primary and Secondary Physiological Stress Responses of European Sea Bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) Due to Rearing Practices under Aquaculture Farming Conditions in M’diq Bay, Moroccan Mediterranean: The Case of Sampling Operation for Size and Weight Measurement. Life 2023, 13, 110. https://doi.org/10.3390/life13010110

AMA Style

Cheyadmi S, Chadli H, Nhhala H, El Yamlahi B, El Maadoudi M, Kounnoun A, Cacciola F, Ez-Zaaim A, Chairi H. Primary and Secondary Physiological Stress Responses of European Sea Bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) Due to Rearing Practices under Aquaculture Farming Conditions in M’diq Bay, Moroccan Mediterranean: The Case of Sampling Operation for Size and Weight Measurement. Life. 2023; 13(1):110. https://doi.org/10.3390/life13010110

Chicago/Turabian Style

Cheyadmi, Soumaya, Housni Chadli, Hassan Nhhala, Bouchra El Yamlahi, Mohammed El Maadoudi, Ayoub Kounnoun, Francesco Cacciola, Ayoub Ez-Zaaim, and Hicham Chairi. 2023. "Primary and Secondary Physiological Stress Responses of European Sea Bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) Due to Rearing Practices under Aquaculture Farming Conditions in M’diq Bay, Moroccan Mediterranean: The Case of Sampling Operation for Size and Weight Measurement" Life 13, no. 1: 110. https://doi.org/10.3390/life13010110

APA Style

Cheyadmi, S., Chadli, H., Nhhala, H., El Yamlahi, B., El Maadoudi, M., Kounnoun, A., Cacciola, F., Ez-Zaaim, A., & Chairi, H. (2023). Primary and Secondary Physiological Stress Responses of European Sea Bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) Due to Rearing Practices under Aquaculture Farming Conditions in M’diq Bay, Moroccan Mediterranean: The Case of Sampling Operation for Size and Weight Measurement. Life, 13(1), 110. https://doi.org/10.3390/life13010110

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