Primary Hyperhidrosis in Children—A Retrospective Study and a Short Review
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
3. Results
- 6–8 years old—30 children (27.03%), 27 (90%) girls and 3 (10%) boys
- 9–11 years old—43 children (38.73%), 25 (58.14%) girls and 18 (41.86%) boys
- 12–14 years old—30 children (27.03%), 15 (50%) girls and 15 (50%) boys
- 15–17 years old—8 children (7.21%), 0 (0%) girls and 8 (100%) boys
4. Discussion
- Secondary—after medication consumption or from an underlying medical condition, characterized by generalized exaggerated sweating [23]. This usually affects older persons, is asymmetric, may occur at night, during sleep, and is not associated with a familial history [24,25]. The most common triggers are cardiac diseases, endocrinopathies, proliferative diseases, metabolic and psychiatric disorders, nervous system diseases [24,26], or as an adverse reaction to drugs: Cliclooxygenase inhibitors, opioid analgesics, antiviral medication, antibiotics or hypotensive medicaments [24,27].
- 6 or more months of focal, detectable, visible, exaggerated sweating without an explanation.
- 2 or more of the following features:
5. Conclusions
- Hyperhidrosis has a significant impact on the patient. The therapeutic options are varied, each having advantages, disadvantages and adverse effects.
- Hyperhidrosis is underdiagnosed and many cases are not reported and treated, due to the lack of knowledge of therapeutic options for pediatric patients.
- Children are more prone to emotional suffering; their social and psychological development being affected.
- The increased prevalence in girls is false, because they are more likely to report and seek treatment.
- In this study, an increased ratio of girls/boys is observed in the age range between 6 and 11 years, after which the ratio equalizes at 12–14 years, and then reverses in the 15–17 age group.
- Palmoplantar combination is the most frequent approach, followed by palmar and then plantar.
- The involvement of the genetic factor is supported in this study by the occurrence of excessive sweating in a family member in 54.10% of cases.
- Due to the approximately equal numbers among the urban and rural populations of Galati County, we can conclude that the significant difference between the number of patients from urban and rural areas, 89 and 22, respectively, is due to the easier access to medical services and therapeutic options for urban patients.
- An aspect that supports lack of knowledge of this disease, of therapeutic possibilities and of the important negative consequences on quality of life and the psyche of children discovered in this study is the drop to 0 in addressability during the COVID-19 pandemic, a period when priorities were different.
- Iontophoresis is effective in improving symptoms, and we will carry out future studies to highlight the improvement in quality of life based on valid questionnaires.
- Effective treatment, whether topical, systemic or invasive, should aim for optimization of patients’ quality of life.
- Before proceeding to permanent and possible irreversible surgical or invasive treatment, conservative therapies should be tried.
- Hyperhidrosis has a profound mental and physical impact on patients, which are under-diagnosed and undertreated, and it deserves as equal consideration as other more well-known skin problems.
- This study aims to raise the alarm about the need for awareness of this frequently underdiagnosed disease, which has serious mental and emotional consequences.
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
Correction Statement
References
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Clinical Profile | n = 111 (%) | |
---|---|---|
Age | ||
6–8 | 30 (27.03%) | |
9–11 | 43 (38.73%) | |
12–14 | 30 (27.03%) | |
15–17 | 8 (7.21%) | |
Sex | ||
Girls | 67 (60.36%) | |
Boys | 44 (39.64%) | |
Environment | ||
Urban | 89 (80.18%) | |
Rural | 22 (19.82%) | |
Site of involvement | ||
Palmoplantar | 90 (81.08%) | |
Palmar | 15 (13.51%) | |
Plantar | 6 (5.14%) | |
Family history | ||
Yes | 60 (54.10%) | |
No | 51 (45.90%) |
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Nastase, F.; Verenca, M.C.; Niculet, E.; Radaschin, D.S.; Busila, C.; Vasile, C.I.; Tatu, A.L. Primary Hyperhidrosis in Children—A Retrospective Study and a Short Review. Life 2024, 14, 645. https://doi.org/10.3390/life14050645
Nastase F, Verenca MC, Niculet E, Radaschin DS, Busila C, Vasile CI, Tatu AL. Primary Hyperhidrosis in Children—A Retrospective Study and a Short Review. Life. 2024; 14(5):645. https://doi.org/10.3390/life14050645
Chicago/Turabian StyleNastase, Florentina, Madalina Codruta Verenca, Elena Niculet, Diana Sabina Radaschin, Camelia Busila, Claudiu Ionut Vasile, and Alin Laurentiu Tatu. 2024. "Primary Hyperhidrosis in Children—A Retrospective Study and a Short Review" Life 14, no. 5: 645. https://doi.org/10.3390/life14050645