Intracoronary Thrombogenicity in Patients with Vasospastic Angina: An Observation Using Coronary Angioscopy
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Material and Methods
2.1. Patient Selection
2.2. Coronary Angiography, SPT
2.3. Assessment of CAS
2.4. Clinical Factors Assessed in the Present Study
2.5. Statistical Analyses
3. Results
3.1. Patients’ Characteristics in VSA Patients with Intracoronary Thrombi
3.2. Lesion Characteristics with Intracoronary Thrombi
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Group I | Group II | ||
---|---|---|---|
Intracoronary Thrombus (−) | Intracoronary Thrombus (+) | p-Value | |
No. (%) | 42 (70) | 18 (30) | |
Age (years) | 65 ± 12 | 63 ± 10 | 0.6 |
Male/Female | 16/26 | 14/4 | <0.01 |
Body mass index | 24.4 ± 4.4 | 24.8 ± 3.8 | 0.75 |
Coronary risk factors (%) | |||
Current smoker (%) | 15 (36) | 13 (72) | <0.01 |
Hypertension (%) | 17 (40) | 5 (28) | 0.35 |
Dyslipidemia (%) | 20 (48) | 7 (39) | 0.53 |
Diabetes mellitus (%) | 6 (14) | 14 (78) | 0.45 |
Family history of CAD (%) | 13 (31) | 5 (28) | 0.81 |
Chronic kidney disease (%) | 9 (21) | 4 (22) | 0.95 |
LVEF (%) on echocardiogram | 65 ± 8 | 65 ± 7 | 0.98 |
Group I | Group II | p-Value | |
---|---|---|---|
Total cholesterol (mg/dL) | 210 ± 34 | 198 ± 39 | 0.24 |
Triglyceride (mg/dL) | 120 ± 50 | 145 ± 79 | 0.14 |
High-density lipoprotein cholesterol (mg/dL) | 64 ± 14 | 58 ± 19 | 0.24 |
Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (mg/dL) | 120 ± 34 | 107 ± 40 | 0.2 |
Fasting blood sugar (mg/dL) | 105 ± 22 | 119 ± 45 | 0.1 |
Haemoglobin A1C (%) | 5.9 ± 0.6 | 6.2 ± 1.0 | 0.23 |
eGFR (mL/min/1.73 m2) | 70.7 ± 13.6 | 73.3 ± 19.9 | 0.56 |
D-dimer (µg/mL) | 0.5 (0.5, 0.6) | 0.5 (0.5, 0.5) | 0.1 |
C-reactive protein (mg/dL) | 0.07 (0.04, 0.20) | 0.12 (0.03, 0.20) | 0.5 |
Brain natriuretic peptide (pg/mL) | 20 (10, 33) | 17 (13, 40) | 0.84 |
Group I | Group II | p-Value | |
---|---|---|---|
Medications before admission | |||
Coronary vasodilators (%) | 16 (38) | 4 (22) | 0.23 |
Statins (%) | 15 (30) | 7 (39) | 0.82 |
Aspirin (%) | 6 (14) | 3 (17) | 0.81 |
Frequency of chest symptoms (/month) | 4 (1, 2) | 9 (2, 17) | 0.36 |
Duration from onset to admission (month) | 18 (4, 39) | 15 (2, 84) | 0.36 |
Variant angina (%) | 0 (0) | 1 (6) | 0.12 |
Severely concomitant symptoms (%) | 5 (12) | 9 (50) | <0.01 |
Presence of multi-vessel spasm (n, %) | 23 (39, 59) | 9 (12, 75) | 0.32 |
SV-1 | N-SV | p-Value | SV-2 | p-Value | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
(SV-1 vs. N-SV) | (SV-1 vs. SV-2 vs. N-SV) | ||||
No. | 70 | 20 | 22 | ||
LAD/LCX/RCA | 51/5/14 | 4/3/13 | <0.01 | 12/0/10 | <0.01 |
Atherosclerotic change on coronary angiogram (%) | 20 (29) | 6 (32) | 0.8 | 4 (18) | 0.56 |
Yellow plaque (%) | 56 (80) | 14 (70) | 0.34 | 14 (64) | 0.26 |
Degree of yellow plaque | 1 (1, 2) | 1 (0, 1) | 0.2 | 1 (1, 1) | 0.81 |
Intracoronary thrombus (%) | 18 (26) | 0 (0) | <0.01 | 0 (0) | <0.01 |
Intracoronary Thrombus (−) | Intracoronary Thrombus (+) | p-Value | |
---|---|---|---|
No. | 52 | 18 | |
LAD/LCX/RCA | 38/3/ 11 | 13/2/3 | 0.72 |
Atherosclerotic change on coronary angiogram (%) | 9 (17) | 11 (61) | <0.01 |
Yellow plaque (%) | 41 (71) | 15 (83) | 0.68 |
Degree of yellow plaque | 1 (1, 2) | 1 (1, 2) | 0.4 |
Focal spasm (%) | 14 (27) | 11 (71) | <0.01 |
Segmental spasm (%) | 23 (44) | 16 (90) | <0.01 |
Total or subtotal spasm (%) | 13 (25) | 9 (50) | 0.04 |
Spasm-induced dose of ACh-L, M, H | 6/32/14 | 6/10/ 2 | 0.07 |
ST-T elevation on ECG (%) | 7 (13) | 6 (33) | 0.08 |
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Teragawa, H.; Orita, Y.; Oshita, C.; Uchimura, Y. Intracoronary Thrombogenicity in Patients with Vasospastic Angina: An Observation Using Coronary Angioscopy. Diagnostics 2021, 11, 1632. https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics11091632
Teragawa H, Orita Y, Oshita C, Uchimura Y. Intracoronary Thrombogenicity in Patients with Vasospastic Angina: An Observation Using Coronary Angioscopy. Diagnostics. 2021; 11(9):1632. https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics11091632
Chicago/Turabian StyleTeragawa, Hiroki, Yuichi Orita, Chikage Oshita, and Yuko Uchimura. 2021. "Intracoronary Thrombogenicity in Patients with Vasospastic Angina: An Observation Using Coronary Angioscopy" Diagnostics 11, no. 9: 1632. https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics11091632