Prediction Model for Hypertension and Diabetes Mellitus Using Korean Public Health Examination Data (2002–2017)
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Methods
2.1. Study Design
2.2. Dataset
2.3. Measurements and Definition
2.4. Study Outcomes
2.5. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Variables | Total (n = 661,034) | Screening < 5 Times (n = 330,517) | Screening ≥ 5 Times (n = 330,517) | p-Value |
---|---|---|---|---|
Sex | 0.4629 | |||
male | 438,586 (66.35) | 219,152 (66.31) | 219,434 (66.39) | |
female | 222,448 (33.65) | 111,365 (33.69) | 111,083 (33.61) | |
Age, years | 53.79 (11.75) | 53.83 (11.84) | 53.77 (11.65) | 0.3539 |
<0.0001 | ||||
30 s | 80,435 (12.17) | 39,861 (12.06) | 40,574 (12.28) | |
40 s | 160,385 (24.26) | 80,951 (24.49) | 79,434 (24.03) | |
50 s | 209,695 (31.72) | 103,871 (31.43) | 105,824 (32.02) | |
60 s | 137,638 (20.82) | 68,455 (20.71) | 69,183 (20.93) | |
70 s | 72,881 (11.03) | 37,379 (11.31) | 35,502 (10.74) | |
Income level | <0.0001 | |||
quartile 1 | 241,403 (36.52) | 109,280 (33.06) | 132,123 (39.97) | |
quartile 2 | 173,063 (26.18) | 87,821 (26.41) | 85,782 (25.95) | |
quartile 3 | 122,972 (18.60) | 67,950 (20.56) | 55,022 (16.65) | |
quartile 4 | 123,596 (18.70) | 66,006 (19.97) | 57,590 (17.42) | |
BMI, kg/m2 | <0.0001 | |||
<18.5 | 11,321 (1.71) | 6234 (1.89) | 5087 (1.54) | |
18.5–22.9 | 188,290 (28.48) | 93,845 (28.39) | 94,445 (28.57) | |
23.0–24.9 | 173,636 (26.27) | 84,532 (25.58) | 89,104 (26.96) | |
25.0 | 287,797 (43.54) | 145,906 (44.14) | 141,881 (42.93) | |
Diastolic blood pressure, mmHg | 80.68 (10.39) | 80.66 (10.42) | 80.71 (10.36) | 0.0473 |
Systolic blood pressure, mmHg | 129.18 (15.11) | 129.16 (15.19) | 129.20 (15.02) | 0.2487 |
Fasting blood sugar, mg/dL | 98.14 (21.48) | 98.16 (22.79) | 98.12 (20.07) | 0.4133 |
Total cholesterol, mg/dL | 200.45 (29.69) | 200.79 (41.43) | 200.12 (37.86) | <0.0001 |
Alcohol consumption, times/week | <0.0001 | |||
0 | 322,171 (48.74) | 164,182 (49.67) | 157,989 (47.80) | |
1 | 118,182 (17.88) | 52,691 (15.94) | 65,491 (19.81) | |
2,3 | 153,556 (23.23) | 72,804 (22.03) | 80,752 (24.43) | |
4–7 | 67,125 (10.15) | 40,840 (12.36) | 26,285 (7.95) | |
Smoking | <0.0001 | |||
never | 350,333 (53.00) | 173,998 (52.64) | 176,335 (53.35) | |
ex | 130,701 (19.77) | 57,251 (17.32) | 73,450 (22.22) | |
current | 180,000 (27.23) | 99,268 (30.03) | 80,732 (24.43) | |
Physical activity, METs-min/week | 953.57 (1227.30) | 774.92 (1174.12) | 1160.56 (1255.62) | <0.0001 |
Outcomes | ||||
Hypertension | <0.0001 | |||
no | 490,256 (74.17) | 232,065 (70.21) | 258,191 (78.12) | |
yes | 170,778 (25.83) | 98,452 (29.79) | 72,326 (21.88) | |
Diabetes mellitus | <0.0001 | |||
no | 400,243 (60.55) | 191,519 (57.95) | 208,724 (63.15) | |
yes | 260,791 (39.45) | 138,998 (42.05) | 121,793 (36.85) | |
Hypertension and diabetes mellitus | <0.0001 | |||
no | 603,723 (91.33) | 294,778 (89.19) | 308,945 (93.47) | |
yes | 57,311 (8.67) | 35,739 (10.81) | 21,572 (6.53) |
Hypertension | Diabetes Mellitus | Hypertension and Diabetes Mellitus | |
---|---|---|---|
Variable | OR (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) |
Screening frequency | |||
≥5 times | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. |
<5 times | 1.61 (1.59–1.62) | 1.21 (1.20–1.22) | 1.75 (1.72–1.78) |
Outcomes | Classifier | Accuracy | -Score | AUC (95% CI) | Variable Importance * |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Hypertension | Logistic Regression | 0.628 | 0.633 | 0.630 (0.627–0.632) | Age > Screening frequency > Sex > BMI > Smoking |
Random Forest | 0.824 | 0.798 | 0.825 (0.823–0.826) | Age > Screening frequency > Sex > Smoking > BMI | |
XGBoost | 0.828 | 0.800 | 0.828 (0.826–0.830) | Screening frequency > Sex > Age > BMI > Smoking | |
Diabetes Mellitus | Logistic Regression | 0.575 | 0.576 | 0.575 (0.572–0.578) | Age > Screening frequency > FBS > BMI > Sex |
Random Forest | 0.693 | 0.647 | 0.647 (0.645–0.650) | Age > Screening frequency > FBS > BMI > Sex | |
XGBoost | 0.707 | 0.663 | 0.710 (0.708–0.712) | Screening frequency > Sex > Age > BMI > Smoking | |
Hypertension and Diabetes Mellitus | Logistic Regression | 0.612 | 0.614 | 0.612 (0.610–0.614) | Screening frequency > Sex > Age > Smoking >BMI |
Random Forest | 0.948 | 0.946 | 0.949 (0.948–0.949) | Screening frequency > Smoking > Age > Sex > BMI | |
XGBoost | 0.950 | 0.950 | 0.952 (0.951–0.953) | Screening frequency > Sex > Smoking > BMI > Age |
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Jeong, Y.W.; Jung, Y.; Jeong, H.; Huh, J.H.; Sung, K.-C.; Shin, J.-H.; Kim, H.C.; Kim, J.Y.; Kang, D.R. Prediction Model for Hypertension and Diabetes Mellitus Using Korean Public Health Examination Data (2002–2017). Diagnostics 2022, 12, 1967. https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics12081967
Jeong YW, Jung Y, Jeong H, Huh JH, Sung K-C, Shin J-H, Kim HC, Kim JY, Kang DR. Prediction Model for Hypertension and Diabetes Mellitus Using Korean Public Health Examination Data (2002–2017). Diagnostics. 2022; 12(8):1967. https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics12081967
Chicago/Turabian StyleJeong, Yong Whi, Yeojin Jung, Hoyeon Jeong, Ji Hye Huh, Ki-Chul Sung, Jeong-Hun Shin, Hyeon Chang Kim, Jang Young Kim, and Dae Ryong Kang. 2022. "Prediction Model for Hypertension and Diabetes Mellitus Using Korean Public Health Examination Data (2002–2017)" Diagnostics 12, no. 8: 1967. https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics12081967