In Situ Observation of Hyaluronan Molecular Weight Effectiveness within Articular Cartilage Lubrication
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Friction Apparature
2.2. Lubricants and Samples
2.3. Data Processing and Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Frictional Measurements
3.2. In Situ Observation of the Contact Area
3.3. Coverage of Contact Area by Protein Clusters
4. Discussion
4.1. General Discussion
4.2. Limitations
5. Conclusions
- A statistically significant decrease in COF was observed after the addition of HA to SF. Various HA solutions also differ significantly from each other. An approximately linear dependence between HA MW and COF within cartilage-on-glass contact was reported, while the higher MW led to a lower COF.
- In situ observation of fluorescently labeled HA revealed no adsorption, while the fluorescence intensity emitted by labeled HA was MW-dependent. High-MW HA strongly adheres to PRG4 on the AC surface to form a more robust boundary layer.
- HA worsened the formation of the albumin boundary lubricating layer on the AC surface. However, the results were not MW-dependent.
- γ-Globulin adsorption was relatively weak. The percentage coverage of the contact area by adsorbed protein clusters was only on the order of tenths of a percent, and none of the HA solutions affected it.
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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No. | Albumin | γ-Globulin | HA | Phospholipids | Viscosupplement |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Fluorescently labeled albumin | |||||
1 | 24.9 mg/mL | 6.1 mg/mL | 1.49 mg/mL | 0.34 mg/mL | - |
2 | 24.9 mg/mL | 6.1 mg/mL | 1.49 mg/mL | 0.34 mg/mL | HA500—20 mg/mL |
3 | 24.9 mg/mL | 6.1 mg/mL | 1.49 mg/mL | 0.34 mg/mL | HA1000—20 mg/mL |
4 | 24.9 mg/mL | 6.1 mg/mL | 1.49 mg/mL | 0.34 mg/mL | HA1600—20 mg/mL |
Fluorescently labeled γ-globulin | |||||
5 | 24.9 mg/mL | 6.1 mg/mL | 1.49 mg/mL | 0.34 mg/mL | - |
6 | 24.9 mg/mL | 6.1 mg/mL | 1.49 mg/mL | 0.34 mg/mL | HA500—20 mg/mL |
7 | 24.9 mg/mL | 6.1 mg/mL | 1.49 mg/mL | 0.34 mg/mL | HA1000—20 mg/mL |
8 | 24.9 mg/mL | 6.1 mg/mL | 1.49 mg/mL | 0.34 mg/mL | HA1600—20 mg/mL |
Fluorescently labeled viscosupplement | |||||
9 | 24.9 mg/mL | 6.1 mg/mL | 1.49 mg/mL | 0.34 mg/mL | HA500—20 mg/mL |
10 | 24.9 mg/mL | 6.1 mg/mL | 1.49 mg/mL | 0.34 mg/mL | HA1000—20 mg/mL |
11 | 24.9 mg/mL | 6.1 mg/mL | 1.49 mg/mL | 0.34 mg/mL | HA1600—20 mg/mL |
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Rebenda, D.; Ranuša, M.; Čípek, P.; Toropitsyn, E.; Vrbka, M. In Situ Observation of Hyaluronan Molecular Weight Effectiveness within Articular Cartilage Lubrication. Lubricants 2023, 11, 12. https://doi.org/10.3390/lubricants11010012
Rebenda D, Ranuša M, Čípek P, Toropitsyn E, Vrbka M. In Situ Observation of Hyaluronan Molecular Weight Effectiveness within Articular Cartilage Lubrication. Lubricants. 2023; 11(1):12. https://doi.org/10.3390/lubricants11010012
Chicago/Turabian StyleRebenda, David, Matúš Ranuša, Pavel Čípek, Evgeniy Toropitsyn, and Martin Vrbka. 2023. "In Situ Observation of Hyaluronan Molecular Weight Effectiveness within Articular Cartilage Lubrication" Lubricants 11, no. 1: 12. https://doi.org/10.3390/lubricants11010012