Diversity and Abundance of Potential Vectors of Rift Valley Fever Virus in the North Region of Cameroon
Abstract
:Simple Summary
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Site and Design
- (i)
- A rural irrigated area (RIA) in Lagdo (1851.61 km2) and Pitoa (1324.80 km2) with humid conditions due to large bodies of water used for crop irrigation and hydropower (large ponds and dams over 400 m in diameter). Usually, domestic (small ruminants, cattle, dogs, cats, horses, poultry, donkeys) and wild animals (monkeys, warthogs, rodents, reptiles, and wild birds) are found along this area.
- (ii)
- A non-irrigated rural area (NIRA) in Bokle (200.04 km2) with drier conditions and smaller bodies of water for market gardening activities dependent on the season. The vector hosts encountered along this area are similar to those found in the RIA.
- (iii)
- An urban area (UA) of Garoua (59.60 km2), characterized by dense human settlement. As a capture site in Garoua, we chose the surroundings of the zoological garden in the city center, which houses small ponds, gutters, and water points arranged for watering several species of animals in captivity (antelopes, birds, monkeys, hyenas, lions, and reptiles).
2.2. Vector Collection and Identification
2.3. Data Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Species Diversity of Mosquitoes Collected
3.2. Abundance and Distribution of Potential Primary and Secondary Vectors of RVFV
3.2.1. Potential Primary Vectors
3.2.2. Potential Secondary Vectors
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Mosquito Genus | Localities (Trap Nights) | Total Number of Mosquitoes per Species | Mean M/T/N | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Bokle (10) | Garoua (13) | Lagdo (14) | Pitoa (15) | |||||||
No. | M/T/N | No. | M/T/N | No. | M/T/N | No. | M/T/N | |||
Aedes | 108 | 0.6 | 179 | 0.76 | 116 | 0.46 | 139 | 0.51 | 542 | 0.59 |
Anopheles | 102 | 0.46 | 88 | 0.31 | 233 | 0.76 | 291 | 0.88 | 714 | 0.60 |
Culex | 1129 | 5.13 | 4737 | 16.56 | 2029 | 6.59 | 4407 | 13.35 | 12,302 | 10.41 |
Mansonia | 3033 | 50.55 | 1287 | 16.5 | 6899 | 82.13 | 3074 | 34.16 | 14,293 | 45.83 |
Number of mosquitoes per locality | 4372 | 14.19 | 6291 | 8.53 | 9277 | 22.48 | 7911 | 12.23 | 27,851 | 14.36 |
Risk Factor Variables | Number of Mosquitoes | Mean Number of Mosquitoes/Sampling | Standard Deviation | Levene Statistic | p-Value | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Vectors collected | Season | Rainy Dry | 12,436 15,415 | 26.02 25.11 | 19.69 18.17 | 16.86 | 0.41 |
Localities | Bokle Garoua Lagdo Pitoa | 4372 6291 9277 7911 | 17.77 29.54 27.45 26.82 | 12.16 16.70 19.62 22.00 | <0.01 * | ||
Area | RIA NIRA UA | 17,188 4372 6291 | 27.15 17.77 29.54 | 20.75 12.16 16.70 | <0.01 * | ||
Total | 27,851 | 25.50 | 18.84 | ||||
Primary vectors | Season | Rainy Dry | 536 6 | 5.25 3.00 | 2.53 0.00 | 2.127 | <0.01 * |
Localities | Bokle Garoua Lagdo Pitoa | 108 179 116 139 | 6.35 4.97 6.11 4.34 | 2.98 2.46 2.40 2.09 | 0.034 * | ||
Area | RIA NIRA UA | 255 108 179 | 5.00 6.35 4.97 | 2.35 2.98 2.46 | 0.12 | ||
Total | 542 | 5.21 | 2.52 | ||||
Secondary vectors | Season | Rainy Dry | 11,900 15,409 | 31.65 25.18 | 18.50 18.15 | 33.17 | <0.01 * |
Localities | Bokle Garoua Lagdo Pitoa | 4264 6112 9161 7772 | 18.62 34.53 28.72 29.55 | 12.15 13.65 19.47 21.76 | <0.01 * | ||
Area | RIA NIRA UA | 16,933 4264 6112 | 29.09 18.62 34.53 | 20.52 12.15 13.65 | <0.01 * | ||
Total | 27,309 | 27.64 | 18.54 |
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Rodrigue Simonet, P.N.; Alexandre Michel, N.-N.; Abel, W.; Albert, E.; Martin Hermann, G.; Franziska, S. Diversity and Abundance of Potential Vectors of Rift Valley Fever Virus in the North Region of Cameroon. Insects 2020, 11, 814. https://doi.org/10.3390/insects11110814
Rodrigue Simonet PN, Alexandre Michel N-N, Abel W, Albert E, Martin Hermann G, Franziska S. Diversity and Abundance of Potential Vectors of Rift Valley Fever Virus in the North Region of Cameroon. Insects. 2020; 11(11):814. https://doi.org/10.3390/insects11110814
Chicago/Turabian StyleRodrigue Simonet, Poueme Namegni, Njan-Nloga Alexandre Michel, Wade Abel, Eisenbarth Albert, Groschup Martin Hermann, and Stoek Franziska. 2020. "Diversity and Abundance of Potential Vectors of Rift Valley Fever Virus in the North Region of Cameroon" Insects 11, no. 11: 814. https://doi.org/10.3390/insects11110814