Changing Microarthropod Communities in Front of a Receding Glacier in the High Arctic
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Chronosequence
2.2. Study Area
2.3. Laboratory Procedures and Statistics
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
Appendix A
1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | |||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Species | F (%) | A (ind.) | D (%) | F (%) | A (ind.) | D (%) | F (%) | A (ind.) | D (%) | F (%) | A (ind.) | D (%) | F (%) | A (ind.) | D (%) | F (%) | A (ind.) | D (%) | F (%) | A (ind.) | D (%) | F (%) | A (ind.) | D (%) |
Oribatida | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Camisia dictyna Colloff 1993 | 80,00 | 70 | 4,60 | 100,0 | 189 | 2,54 | 100,0 | 1813 | 35,90 | 40,00 | 7 | 0,66 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
Camisia foveolata Hammer 1955 | 20,00 | 1 | 0,07 | 60,00 | 13 | 0,17 | 100,0 | 73 | 1,45 | 60,00 | 9 | 0,84 | 20,00 | 3 | 0,33 | 80,00 | 138 | 11,23 | 40,00 | 6 | 5,94 | - | - | - |
Conchogneta dalecarlica (Forsslund 1947) | - | - | - | - | - | - | 20,00 | 1 | 0,02 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
Diapterobates notatus (Thorell 1871) | 100,0 | 91 | 5,98 | 100,0 | 79 | 1,06 | 100,0 | 203 | 4,02 | 100,0 | 133 | 12,46 | 100,0 | 563 | 62,21 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
Hermannia reticulata Thorell 1871 | 100,0 | 174 | 11,44 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
Liochthonius lapponicus (Trägårdh 1910) | 80,00 | 9 | 0,59 | 100,0 | 40 | 0,54 | 100,0 | 286 | 5,66 | 60,00 | 164 | 15,37 | 40,00 | 15 | 1,66 | 80,00 | 12 | 0,98 | - | - | - | - | - | - |
Liochthonius tuxeni (Forsslund 1957) | 20,00 | 1 | 0,07 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
Mycobates bicornis (Strenzke 1954) | - | - | - | 20,00 | 1 | 0,01 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
Mycobates parmeliae (Michael 1884) | 60,00 | 7 | 0,46 | 20,00 | 4 | 0,05 | - | 1 | 0,02 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
Oppiella (Moritzoppia) neerlandica (Oudemans 1900) | 100,0 | 134 | 8,81 | - | - | - | 20,00 | 1 | 0,02 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
Steganacarus (Atropacarus) striculus (Koch 1835) | - | - | - | - | - | - | 40,00 | 2 | 0,04 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
Tectocepheus velatus (Michael 1880) | - | - | - | 100,0 | 485 | 6,53 | 100,0 | 75 | 1,49 | 80,00 | 52 | 4,87 | 60,00 | 79 | 8,73 | 100,0 | 273 | 22,21 | 20,00 | 4 | 3,96 | - | - | - |
Mesostigmata | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Arctoseius haarlovi Lindquist 1963 | 100,0 | 29 | 1,91 | 40,00 | 5 | 0,07 | - | - | - | 80,00 | 32 | 3,00 | 60,00 | 7 | 0,77 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
Arctoseius multidentatus Evans 1955 | 80,00 | 8 | 0,53 | 100,0 | 19 | 0,26 | 100,0 | 27 | 0,53 | 20,00 | 2 | 0,19 | 20,00 | 2 | 0,22 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
Neoseiulus magnanalis (Thor, 1930) | 40,00 | 19 | 1,25 | 40,00 | 2 | 0,03 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
Proctolaelaps parvanalis (Thor 1930) | 40,00 | 3 | 0,20 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 20,00 | 2 | 0,22 | 20,00 | 1 | 0,08 | - | - | - | - | - | - |
Zercon forsslundi Sellnick 1958 | 20,00 | 1 | 0,07 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
Collembola | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Agrenia bidenticulata (Tullberg 1876) | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 80,00 | 29 | 96,67 |
Anurida polaris (Hammer 1954) | - | - | - | 20,00 | 30 | 0,40 | - | - | - | 20,00 | 1 | 0,09 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
Bonetogastrura nivalis (Martynova 1973) | 20,00 | 3 | 0,20 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
Folsomia coeruleogrisea (Hammer, 1938) | 80,00 | 19 | 1,25 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 20,00 | 1 | 0,11 | - | - | - | 20,00 | 5 | 4,95 | - | - | - |
Folsomia quadrioculata (Tullberg 1871) | 100,0 | 582 | 38,26 | 100,0 | 6353 | 85,48 | 80,00 | 1178 | 23,33 | 100,0 | 129 | 12,09 | 60,00 | 26 | 2,87 | 60,00 | 5 | 0,41 | 60,00 | 18 | 17,82 | - | - | - |
Friesea quinquespinosa Wahlgren 1900 | 20,00 | 2 | 0,13 | 60,00 | 19 | 0,26 | 20,00 | 1 | 0,02 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
Hypogastrura concolor (Carpenter 1900) | 100,0 | 315 | 20,71 | 80,00 | 65 | 0,87 | 100,0 | 1288 | 25,50 | 100,0 | 514 | 48,17 | 100,0 | 201 | 22,21 | 100,0 | 792 | 64,44 | 60,00 | 19 | 18,81 | 20,00 | 1 | 3,33 |
Isotoma anglicana Lubbock 1862 | 100,0 | 24 | 1,58 | 80,00 | 93 | 1,25 | 60,00 | 26 | 0,51 | 60,00 | 19 | 1,78 | 40,00 | 6 | 0,66 | 40,00 | 8 | 0,65 | 80,00 | 47 | 46,53 | - | - | - |
Megaphorura arctica (Tullberg 1876) | 20,00 | 3 | 0,20 | 40,00 | 35 | 0,47 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
Oligaphorura ursi (Fjellberg, 1984) | 60,00 | 15 | 0,99 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
Parisotoma notabilis (Schaeffer 1896) | - | - | - | - | - | - | 40,00 | 68 | 1,35 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
Tetracanthella arctica Cassagnau 1959 | - | - | - | - | - | - | 20,00 | 1 | 0,02 | 20,00 | 1 | 0,09 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
Lepidocyrtus lignorum (Fabricius 1793) | - | - | - | - | - | - | 20,00 | 5 | 0,10 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
Sminthurinus concolor (Meinert, 1896) | 60,00 | 11 | 0,72 | - | - | - | 20,00 | 1 | 0,02 | 20,00 | 4 | 0,37 | - | - | - | - | - | - | 20,00 | 2 | 1,98 | - | - | - |
Total | 1521 | 100 | 7432 | 100 | 5050 | 100 | 1067 | 100 | 905 | 100 | 1229 | 100 | 101 | 100 | 30 | 100 |
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Parameters | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Total number of species | 22 | 16 | 18 | 13 | 11 | 7 | 7 | 2 |
Mean number of species ± SD | 14 ± 1.41 | 10.6 ± 0.89 | 10.6 ± 1.82 | 6.6 ± 0.55 | 5.4 ± 1.14 | 4.8 ± 1.30 | 3 ± 1.00 | 1 ± 0,71 |
Total abundance | 1521 | 7432 | 5050 | 1067 | 905 | 1229 | 101 | 30 |
Mean abundance ± SD | 304.2 ± 162.48 | 1486.4 ± 2698.67 | 1010 ± 967.12 | 213.4 ± 139.46 | 181 ± 199.35 | 245.8 ± 145.08 | 20.2 ± 7.95 | 6 ± 6.67 |
Simpson (D) ± SD | 4.61 ± 0.06 | 1.36 ± 0.29 | 3.94 ± 0.11 | 3.46 ± 0.17 | 2.25 ± 0.19 | 2.09 ± 0.19 | 3.43 ± 0.16 | 1.07 ± 0.05 |
Evenness (E) | 0.6277 | 0.2452 | 0.5551 | 0.5950 | 0.4740 | 0.4980 | 0.7707 | 0.2108 |
Dominance | 0.2170 | 0.7361 | 0.2538 | 0.2893 | 0.4452 | 0.4774 | 0.2916 | 0.9356 |
Effects | Df | SS | MS | Pseudo F | p |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Locations | 7 | 5.9071 | 0.84386 | 9.436 | 0.001 |
Residuals | 31 | 2.7724 | 0.08943 | ||
Total | 38 | 8.6795 |
Groups | Species | Stat | p Value |
---|---|---|---|
1 | Oppiella neerlandica | 0.843 | 0.001 |
Hermannia reticulata | 0.789 | 0.001 | |
Arctoseius haarlovi | 0.712 | 0.006 | |
Oligaphorura ursi | 0.687 | 0.008 | |
2 | Friesea quinquespinosa | 0.488 | 0.044 |
3 | Camisia dictyna | 0.792 | 0.001 |
5 | Diapterobates notatus | 0.676 | 0.002 |
8 | Agrenia bidenticulata | 0.785 | 0.001 |
2 + 3 | Arctoseius multidentatus | 0.743 | 0.001 |
2 + 6 | Tectocepheus velatus | 0.551 | 0.046 |
3 + 4 | Liochthonius lapponicus | 0.581 | 0.026 |
3 + 6 | Camisia foveolata | 0.627 | 0.017 |
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Gwiazdowicz, D.J.; Zawieja, B.; Olejniczak, I.; Skubała, P.; Gdula, A.K.; Coulson, S.J. Changing Microarthropod Communities in Front of a Receding Glacier in the High Arctic. Insects 2020, 11, 226. https://doi.org/10.3390/insects11040226
Gwiazdowicz DJ, Zawieja B, Olejniczak I, Skubała P, Gdula AK, Coulson SJ. Changing Microarthropod Communities in Front of a Receding Glacier in the High Arctic. Insects. 2020; 11(4):226. https://doi.org/10.3390/insects11040226
Chicago/Turabian StyleGwiazdowicz, Dariusz J., Bogna Zawieja, Izabella Olejniczak, Piotr Skubała, Anna K. Gdula, and Stephen J. Coulson. 2020. "Changing Microarthropod Communities in Front of a Receding Glacier in the High Arctic" Insects 11, no. 4: 226. https://doi.org/10.3390/insects11040226