Native and Non-Native Egg Parasitoids Associated with Brown Marmorated Stink Bug (Halyomorpha halys [Stål, 1855]; Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) in Western Slovenia
Abstract
:Simple Summary
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Material and Methods
2.1. Field Survey of Native and Non-Native Parasitoids of Halyomorpha halys
2.2. Laboratory Rearing of Halyomorpha halys and the Field Exposure of Fresh Sentinel Eggs
2.3. Parasitoid Identification
2.4. Evaluation of Parasitoid Efficiency
3. Results
3.1. Naturally Laid Egg Masses Collected in the Field
3.2. Sentinel Egg Masses Exposure
3.3. Oviposition Hosts
4. Discussion and Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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No. | Location Name | GPS Coordinates | Type of Location | Predominant Host Plants |
---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Kromberk | 45°57′46.7964″ N 13°39′29.7324″ E | Suburban area (backyard orchards and vineyards, hedges and shrubs) | Vitis vinifera, Prunus avium, Olea europea, Prunus domestica, Actinidia deliciosa, Cornus sanguinea, Ligustrum vulgare, Acer negundo, Hydrangea macrophylla |
2 | Šempeter pri Gorici | 45°55′55.3908″ N 13°38′42.6408″ E | Suburban area/ Agricultural area (intensive fruit orchards, ornamental plants) | Catalpa bignonioides, Parthenocissus tricuspidata, Actinidia deliciosa, Malus domestica, Pyrus pyrifolia, Pyrus communis, Olea europea, Prunus dulcis, Corylus avellana, Prunus persica, Vitis vinifera, Hibiscus syriaticus, Buddleja davidii |
3 | Miren | 45°53′20.5116″ N 13°35′37.7916″ E | Agricultural area (intensive fruit orchards, hedges and shrubs) | Malus domestica, Pyrus communis, Corylus avellana, Cornus sanguinea, Ligustrum vulgare, Acer negundo,Clematis vitalba, Ailanthus altissima, Parthenocissus quinquefolia |
4 | Dombrava | 45°53′41.406″ N 13°40′54.3144″ E | Agricultural area (intensive fruit orchards) | Malus domestica, Pyrus communis, Prunus persica, Vitis vinifera, Zea mays, Cornus sanguinea |
5 | Goriška Brda | 46°0′11.6532″ N 13°31′23.9376″ E | Suburban area/ Agricultural area | Solanum lycopersicum, Vitis vinifera, Prunus avium, Monarda didyma |
Goriška Brda I. | 45°58′31.9584″ N 13°31′53.3352″ E | Agricultural area (intensive fruit orchards) | Olea europea, Prunus avium, Vitis vinifera | |
6 | Stara Gora | 45°55′48.5724″ N 13°40′50.0052″ E | Agricultural area (extensive fruit orchard) | Actinidia deliciosa, Vitis vinifera, Robinia pseudoacacia, Acer sp., Paulownia tomentosa |
7 | Pristava | 45°56′48.2928″ N 13°38′41.2476″ E | Suburban area (extensive fruit orchard) | Actinidia deliciosa, Corylus avellana, Paulownia tomentosa |
8 | Potoče | 45°52′33.3732″ N 13°49′20.3016″ E | Agricultural area (field crops, vineyards) | Zea mays, Vitis vinifera |
9 | Bilje | 45°53′47.3856″ N 13°37′27.2604″ E | Urban area (ornamental trees) | Acer plantanoides |
10 | Nova Gorica | 45°57′17.3016″ N 13°39′12.1788″ E | Urban area (ornamental trees) | Catalpa bignonioides, Acer plantanoides |
11 | Dobravlje | 45°52′16.6152″ N 13°50′9.816″ E | Agricultural area (field crops) | Zea mays |
No. | Location Name | Year | No. of Egg Masses | No. of Eggs | % Hatched | % Unhatched | % Predated | % Parasitized | No. of Parasitoids Emerged |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Kromberk | 2019 | 3 | 84 | 66.67 | 14.29 | 0,0 | 19.05 | 16 AB |
Kromberk | 2020 | 7 | 196 | 71.94 | 6.63 | 2.04 | 19.39 | 32 AB | |
2 | Šempeter | 2019 | 8 | 219 | 89.50 | 4.10 | 6.39 | 0.0 | 0 |
Šempeter | 2020 | 69 | 1759 | 66.85 | 11.31 | 7.39 | 14.38 | 104 AB, 71 TM, 4 Tel | |
3 | Miren | 2019 | 4 | 109 | 81.65 | 3.67 | 14.68 | 0.0 | 0 |
Miren | 2020 | 22 | 549 | 67.76 | 13.84 | 2.03 | 16.39 | 9 AB, 4 TM | |
4 | Dombrava | 2019 | 2 | 57 | 87.72 | 7.02 | 5.26 | 0.0 | 0 |
Dombrava | 2020 | 19 | 502 | 73.11 | 19.32 | 7.57 | 0.0 | 0 | |
5 | Goriška Brda | 2019 | 2 | 57 | 92.98 | 7.02 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0 |
Goriška Brda | 2020 | 7 | 196 | 77.04 | 4.08 | 0.0 | 18.88 | 24 AB, 12 TB | |
6 | Stara Gora | 2020 | 4 | 111 | 75.68 | 9.91 | 0.0 | 14.41 | 2 AB |
7 | Pristava | 2020 | 8 | 195 | 69.74 | 7.18 | 9.23 | 13.85 | 6 AB, 10 Tel |
8 | Potoče | 2020 | 3 | 83 | 65.06 | 8.43 | 0.0 | 26.50 | 18 AB |
9 | Bilje | 2020 | 10 | 266 | 53.01 | 6.77 | 10.15 | 30.06 | 33 AB |
10 | Nova Gorica | 2020 | 5 | 137 | 76.64 | 9.49 | 0.0 | 13.87 | 17 AB |
11 | Dobravlje | 2020 | 1 | 28 | 35.71 | 57.14 | 0.0 | 7.14 | 2 TM |
Total | 2019 | 19 | 526 | 84.41 | 6.2 | 6.2 | 3.04 | 16 | |
2020 | 155 | 4075 | 68.31 | 11.66 | 5.60 | 14.43 | 316 |
Year | Location | Location Type | No. of Egg Masses | No. of Eggs | % Hatched | % Unhatched | % Predated | % Parasitized | No. of Parasitoids Emerged |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
2019 | Kromberk | Suburban area | 20 | 530 | 71.69 | 17.74 | 10.57 | 0 | 0 |
Miren | Agricultural area | 20 | 528 | 69.32 | 12.88 | 17.42 | 0.38 | 2 OT | |
Total | 40 | 1058 | 70.51 | 15.31 | 13.99 | 0.19 | |||
2020 | Kromberk | Suburban area | 50 | 1340 | 60.67 | 20.97 | 11.49 | 6.86 | 22 AB, 70 TM |
Miren | Agricultural area | 41 | 1077 | 60.63 | 16.99 | 20.98 | 1.39 | 15 AB | |
Total | 91 | 2417 | 60.65 | 19.20 | 15.71 | 4.42 |
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Rot, M.; Maistrello, L.; Costi, E.; Bernardinelli, I.; Malossini, G.; Benvenuto, L.; Trdan, S. Native and Non-Native Egg Parasitoids Associated with Brown Marmorated Stink Bug (Halyomorpha halys [Stål, 1855]; Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) in Western Slovenia. Insects 2021, 12, 505. https://doi.org/10.3390/insects12060505
Rot M, Maistrello L, Costi E, Bernardinelli I, Malossini G, Benvenuto L, Trdan S. Native and Non-Native Egg Parasitoids Associated with Brown Marmorated Stink Bug (Halyomorpha halys [Stål, 1855]; Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) in Western Slovenia. Insects. 2021; 12(6):505. https://doi.org/10.3390/insects12060505
Chicago/Turabian StyleRot, Mojca, Lara Maistrello, Elena Costi, Iris Bernardinelli, Giorgio Malossini, Luca Benvenuto, and Stanislav Trdan. 2021. "Native and Non-Native Egg Parasitoids Associated with Brown Marmorated Stink Bug (Halyomorpha halys [Stål, 1855]; Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) in Western Slovenia" Insects 12, no. 6: 505. https://doi.org/10.3390/insects12060505