Assessing the Potential of Tortistilus (Hemiptera: Membracidae) from Northern California Vineyards as Vector Candidates of Grapevine Red Blotch Virus
Abstract
:Simple Summary
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Tortistilus and Spissistilus Collections
2.2. Nucleic Acid Extraction and GRBV Testing Using PCR
2.3. Sequencing of Tortistilus ITS and mt-COI DNA Fragments
2.4. Sequence Analyses and Phylogenetic Relationships
2.5. Diagnostic PCR for Distinction between Tortistilus and Spissistilus Species
3. Results
3.1. Vineyard Sites and Tortistilus Specimen Collections
3.2. Morphological Variability of Tortistilus Populations from Northern California Vineyards
3.3. Taxonomic Identification of Tortistilus Populations from Northern California Vineyards
3.4. GRBV Acquisition by Tortistilus wickhami from Northern California Vineyards
3.5. Diagnostic Polymerase Chain Reaction for Tortistilus wickhami
4. Discussion
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Name | Location | Year | Morphology | Sex | GenBank Accession Number | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
mt-COI | ITS2 | |||||
Tortistilus 1 | Rutherford, CA, USA | 2023 | Unhorned | Female | PQ096090 | PQ108530 |
Tortistilus 2 | Rutherford, CA, USA | 2023 | Horned | Female | PQ096091 | - |
Tortistilus 3 | Oak Knoll District, CA, USA | 2023 | Horned | Male | PQ096092 | PQ108531 |
Tortistilus 4 | Oak Knoll District, CA, USA | 2023 | Unhorned | Female | PQ096093 | PQ108532 |
Tortistilus 5 | Oak Knoll District, CA, USA | 2023 | Unhorned | Female | PQ096094 | PQ108533 |
Tortistilus 6 | Oak Knoll District, CA, USA | 2023 | Horned | Female | PQ096095 | PQ108534 |
Tortistilus 7 | Chiles Valley, CA, USA | 2023 | Unhorned | Male | PQ096096 | PQ108535 |
Tortistilus 8 | Chiles Valley, CA, USA | 2023 | Unhorned | Male | PQ096097 | PQ108536 |
Tortistilus 9 | Chiles Valley, CA, USA | 2023 | Horned | Male | PQ096098 | PQ108537 |
Tortistilus 10 | Chiles Valley, CA, USA | 2023 | Unhorned | Female | PQ096099 | PQ108538 |
Tortistilus 11 | Chiles Valley, CA, USA | 2023 | Horned | Male | PQ096100 | PQ108539 |
Tortistilus 12 | Chiles Valley, CA, USA | 2023 | Unhorned | Male | PQ096101 | PQ108540 |
Tortistilus 13 | Chiles Valley, CA, USA | 2023 | Horned | Male | PQ096102 | PQ108541 |
Tortistilus 14 | Chiles Valley, CA, USA | 2023 | Unhorned | Male | PQ096103 | PQ108542 |
Tortistilus 15 | Chiles Valley, CA, USA | 2023 | Unhorned | Male | PQ096104 | PQ108543 |
Tortistilus 16 | Chiles Valley, CA, USA | 2023 | Unhorned | Male | PQ096105 | PQ108544 |
Tortistilus 17 | Calistoga, CA, USA | 2023 | Unhorned | Female | PQ096106 | PQ108545 |
Tortistilus 18 | Calistoga, CA, USA | 2023 | Horned | Female | PQ096107 | PQ108546 |
Tortistilus 19 | Spring Mtn. District, CA, USA | 2023 | Unhorned | Female | PQ096108 | - |
Tortistilus 20 | Spring Mtn. District, CA, USA | 2023 | Horned | Male | PQ096070 | PQ108547 |
Tortistilus 21 | Napa, CA, USA | 2022 | Horned | Male | PQ096071 | PQ108548 |
Tortistilus 22 | Napa, CA, USA | 2022 | Unhorned | Male | PQ096072 | PQ108549 |
Tortistilus 23 | Calistoga, CA, USA | 2022 | Horned | Male | PQ096073 | PQ108551 |
Tortistilus 24 | St. Helena, CA, USA | 2022 | Unhorned | Female | PQ096074 | PQ108552 |
Tortistilus 25 | Yountville, CA, USA | 2022 | Horned | Male | PQ096075 | PQ108553 |
Tortistilus 26 | Gordon Valley, CA, USA | 2022 | Unhorned | Male | PQ096076 | PQ108554 |
Tortistilus 27 | St. Helena, CA, USA | 2022 | Horned | Female | PQ096077 | PQ108556 |
Tortistilus 28 | Coombsville, CA, USA | 2021 | Unhorned | Male | PQ096078 | PQ108557 |
Tortistilus 29 | Gordon Valley, CA, USA | 2021 | Unhorned | Male | PQ096079 | PQ108558 |
Tortistilus 30 | Oak Knoll District, CA, USA | 2021 | Unhorned | Female | PQ096080 | - |
Tortistilus 31 | Pope Valley, CA, USA | 2021 | Unhorned | Female | PQ096109 | PQ108559 |
Tortistilus 32 | Oak Knoll District, CA, USA | 2021 | Unhorned | Male | PQ096081 | PQ108560 |
Tortistilus 33 | Pope Valley, CA, USA | 2021 | Unhorned | Male | PQ096082 | PQ108561 |
Tortistilus 34 | Wooden Valley, CA, USA | 2021 | Unhorned | Female | PQ096083 | PQ108562 |
Tortistilus 35 | Pope Valley, CA, USA | 2022 | Unhorned | Female | PQ096084 | PQ108563 |
Tortistilus 36 | Pope Valley, CA, USA | 2022 | Unhorned | Male | PQ096085 | PQ108564 |
Tortistilus 37 | Pope Valley, CA, USA | 2022 | Unhorned | Male | PQ096086 | PQ108565 |
Tortistilus 38 | Pope Valley, CA, USA | 2022 | Unhorned | Male | PQ096087 | - |
Tortistilus 39 | Pope Valley, CA, USA | 2022 | Unhorned | Female | PQ096088 | PQ108566 |
Tortistilus 40 | Pope Valley, CA, USA | 2022 | Unhorned | Female | PQ096089 | PQ108567 |
Tortistilus 41 | Chiles Valley, CA, USA | 2023 | Horned | Female | - | PQ108568 |
Tortistilus 42 | Yountville, CA, USA | 2022 | Horned | Male | - | PQ108550 |
Tortistilus 43 | St. Helena, CA, USA | 2022 | Unhorned | Female | - | PQ108555 |
Tortistilus 44 | Pope Valley, CA, USA | 2022 | Unhorned | Female | - | PQ108569 |
Hadrophallus bubalus | Geneva, NY, USA | 2022 | Horned | Female | PQ096110 | PQ108570 |
Hadrophallus bubalus | Geneva, NY, USA | 2022 | Horned | Male | PQ096111 | PQ108571 |
Hadrophallus bubalus | Geneva, NY, USA | 2022 | Horned | Female | PQ096112 | PQ108572 |
Stictocephala diceros | Lyons, NY, USA | 2023 | Horned | Female | PQ096113 | - |
Stictocephala diceros | Lyons, NY, USA | 2023 | Horned | Male | - | PQ108573 |
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Hoyle, V.J.; McGinnity Schneider, E.J.; McLane, H.L.; Wunsch, A.O.; Fendell-Hummel, H.G.; Cooper, M.L.; Fuchs, M.F. Assessing the Potential of Tortistilus (Hemiptera: Membracidae) from Northern California Vineyards as Vector Candidates of Grapevine Red Blotch Virus. Insects 2024, 15, 664. https://doi.org/10.3390/insects15090664
Hoyle VJ, McGinnity Schneider EJ, McLane HL, Wunsch AO, Fendell-Hummel HG, Cooper ML, Fuchs MF. Assessing the Potential of Tortistilus (Hemiptera: Membracidae) from Northern California Vineyards as Vector Candidates of Grapevine Red Blotch Virus. Insects. 2024; 15(9):664. https://doi.org/10.3390/insects15090664
Chicago/Turabian StyleHoyle, Victoria J., Elliot J. McGinnity Schneider, Heather L. McLane, Anna O. Wunsch, Hannah G. Fendell-Hummel, Monica L. Cooper, and Marc F. Fuchs. 2024. "Assessing the Potential of Tortistilus (Hemiptera: Membracidae) from Northern California Vineyards as Vector Candidates of Grapevine Red Blotch Virus" Insects 15, no. 9: 664. https://doi.org/10.3390/insects15090664