In-Field Habitat Management to Optimize Pest Control of Novel Soil Communities in Agroecosystems
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. A Focus on In-Field Practices to Promote Soil Community Diversity in Agroecosystems
2.1. In-Field Soil Communities are Novel
2.2. In-Field Practices are More Feasible
3. Roles of Arthropods in Pest Management
3.1. Controlling Invertebrate Pests
3.2. Controlling Weeds
3.3. Controlling Pathogens
3.4. Benefist of Exotic Generalist Predators
4. Tactics for Controlling Belowground Pests and the Value of IPM
5. In-Field Management Strategies to Optimize Arthropod Predators’ Control of Pests
5.1. Balancing Disturbance and Stability to Optimize Biocontrol
5.2. Reducing Disturbance
5.3. Compensating for Unavoidable Disturbance
5.4. Compatability with the Goals of Integrated Pest Management
6. Value of Relying on Multi-Purpose Management Practices
Decomposers as Alternative Resources for Arthropod Biocontrol Agents
7. Future Research Needs
8. Conclusions
Acknowledgments
Author Contributions
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Type of Invertebrate | Native to PA | Exotic Species |
---|---|---|
Ground Beetles | Harpalus pensylvanicus, Chalaenius tricolor | Pterostichus melanarius |
Spiders | Hogna spp. | - |
Bees | Bombus spp., Halictus spp., Megachile spp. | Apis mellifera |
Slugs | Deroceras leave | Deroceras reticulatum |
Other Pests | Agroites mancus, Cyclocephala spp., Blissus leucopterus | Delia platura, Ostrinia nubilalis |
Other | - | Earthworms, millipedes |
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Pearsons, K.A.; Tooker, J.F. In-Field Habitat Management to Optimize Pest Control of Novel Soil Communities in Agroecosystems. Insects 2017, 8, 82. https://doi.org/10.3390/insects8030082
Pearsons KA, Tooker JF. In-Field Habitat Management to Optimize Pest Control of Novel Soil Communities in Agroecosystems. Insects. 2017; 8(3):82. https://doi.org/10.3390/insects8030082
Chicago/Turabian StylePearsons, Kirsten A., and John F. Tooker. 2017. "In-Field Habitat Management to Optimize Pest Control of Novel Soil Communities in Agroecosystems" Insects 8, no. 3: 82. https://doi.org/10.3390/insects8030082