Equilibrium Phase Relations for a SiO2-Al2O3-FeOx System at 1300 °C and 1400 °C in Air
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Experiment
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. The Speciation of Fe
3.2. Equilibrium Results at 1400 °C
3.3. Equilibrium Results at 1300 °C and 1400 °C
3.4. Projection of the 1400 °C Isotherm
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
- Seetharaman, S. Fundamentals of Metallurgy; Taylor & Francis: Abingdon, UK, 2005; pp. 555–574. [Google Scholar]
- Malysheva, T.Y.; Pavlov, R.M.; Mansurova, N.R.; Detkova, T.V. Influence of ore formation on the mineral composition and strength of fluxed iron-ore sinter. Steel Transl. 2015, 45, 190–194. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Jang, K.; Ma, X.; Zhu, J.; Xu, H.F.; Wang, G.; Zhao, B.J. Phase Equilibria in the System “FeO”-CaO-SiO2-Al2O3-MgO at Different CaO/SiO2 Ratios. Metall. Mater. Trans. B 2017, 48, 1547–1560. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Jung, I.H. Overview of the applications of thermodynamic databases to steelmaking processes. Calphad 2010, 34, 332–362. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Wang, K.; Yan, C.; Yuan, C.; Yang, X.C.; Zhao, L.J.; Wang, Q. Progress in research on diffusional phase transformations of Fe–C alloys under high magnetic fields. J. Iron Steel Res. Int. 2022, 29, 707–718. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Sun, L.; Shi, J.; Zhen, Y.; Jiang, M. Phase equilibria and liquidus surface of CaO-SiO2–5wt.%MgO-Al2O3-TiO2 slag system. Ceram. Int. 2018, 45, 481–487. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Shi, J.; Chen, M.; Wan, X.; Taskinen, P.; Jokilaakso, A. Thermodynamic modeling of sustainable non-ferrous metals production phase equilibrium study of the CaO-SiO2-MgO-Al2O3-TiO2 system at 1300 °C and 1400 °C in air. JOM 2020, 72, 3204–3212. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Oertel, L.C.; Silva, A.C. Application of thermodynamic modeling to slag-metal equilibria in steelmaking. Calphad 1999, 23, 379–391. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- VDEh. Slag Atlas; Verlag Stahleisen GmbH: Dusseldorf, Germany, 1995; pp. 79–80. [Google Scholar]
- Kou, M.; Wu, S.; Ma, X.; Wang, L.; Chen, M.; Cai, Q.; Zhao, B. Phase equilibrium studies of CaO-SiO2-MgO-Al2O3 system with binary basicity of 1. 5 related to blast furnace slag. Metall. Mater. Trans. B 2016, 47, 1093–1102. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Zhao, X.; Ma, X.; Chen, B.; Shang, Y.; Song, M. Challenges toward carbon neutrality in China: Strategies and countermeasures. Resour. Conserv. Recycl. 2022, 176, 105959. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Dudin, M.N.; Reshetov, K.Y.; Mysachenko, V.I.; Mironova, N.N.; Divnenko, O.V. “Green Technology” and Renewable Energy in the System of the Steel Industry in Europe. Int. J. Energy Econ. Policy 2017, 7, 310–315. [Google Scholar]
- Salters, V.J.M.; Stracke, A. Composition of the depleted mantle. Geochem. Geophy. Geosy. 2004, 5, 1525–2027. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Aksaf, I.A.; Pask, J.A. Stable and metastable equilibria in the system SiO2-Al2O3. J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 1975, 58, 507–512. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Belashchenko, D.K.; Ostrovski, O.I.; Skvortsov, L.V. Molecular dynamics simulation of binary CaO-FeO, MgO-SiO2, FeO-SiO2, CaO-SiO2 and ternary CaO-FeO-SiO2 systems. Thermochim. Acta 2001, 372, 153–163. [Google Scholar]
- Pownceby, M.I.; Clout, J.M.F. Phase relations in the Fe-rich part of the system Fe2O3 (-Fe3O4)-CaO-SiO2 at 1240–1300 °C and oxygen partial pressure of 5 × 10−3 atm: Implications for iron ore sinter. Min. Process. Extr. Metall. 2000, 109, 36–48. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Wan, X.; Shi, J.; Klemettinen, L.; Chen, M.; Taskinen, P.; Jokilaakso, A. Equilibrium phase relations of CaO-SiO2-TiO2 system at 1400 °C and oxygen partial pressure of 10−10 atm. J. Alloy Compd. 2020, 847, 156472. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Hillert, M.; Sundman, B.; Wang, X. An assessment of the CaO-SiO2 system. Metall. Trans. B 1990, 21, 303–312. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- He, S.; Wang, Q.; Xie, D.; Xu, C.; Li, Z.; Mills, K.C. Solidification and crystallization properties of CaO-SiO2-Na2O based mold fluxes. Int. J. Min. Metall. Mater. 2009, 16, 261–264. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Fujisawa, T.; Sakao, H. Equllibrlum between MnO-SiO2-Al2O3-FeO Slags and Liquid Steel. Tetsu-to-Hagané. 1977, 63, 1504–1511. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Ul’yanova, T.M.; Krut’ko, N.P.; Dyatlova, E.M.; Paémurd, E.S.; Podbolotov, K. Solid-phase processes in a ceramic matrix in the system SiO2-Al2O3-TiO2 with addition of fibrous nanostructural aluminum oxide. Glass Ceram. 2010, 67, 47–51. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Bale, C.W.; Bélisle, E.; Chartrand, P.; Decterov, S.A.; Eriksson, G.; Gheribi, A.; Hack, K.; Jung, I.; Kang, Y.B.; Melancon, J.; et al. Reprint of: FactSage thermochemical software and databases, 2010–2016. Calphad 2016, 55, 1–19. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Wang, Y.K. Application of HSC chemistry software in university chemical scientific research. J. Henan Inst. Educ. 2013, 22, 28–30. [Google Scholar]
- Zhao, Q.; Liu, K.; Sun, L.F.; Liu, C.J.; Jiang, M.F.; Saxén, H.; Zevenhoven, R. Towards carbon sequestration using stainless steel slag via phase modification and co-extraction of calcium and magnesium. Process Saf. Environ. 2020, 133, 73–81. [Google Scholar]
- Gisby, J.; Taskinen, P.; Pihlasalo, J.; Li, Z.; Tyrer, M.; Pearce, J.; Avarmaa, K.; Björklund, P.; Davies, H.; Korpi, M.; et al. MTDATA and the prediction of phase equilibria in oxide systems: 30 years of industrial collaboration. Metall. Mater. Trans. B 2017, 48, 91–98. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Andersson, J.O.; Helander, T.; Höglund, L.; Shi, P.; Sundman, B. Thermo-Calc & DICTRA, computational tools for materials science. Calphad 2002, 26, 273–312. [Google Scholar]
- Luo, Q.; Zhai, C.; Sun, D.; Chen, W.; Li, Q. Interpolation and extrapolation with the CALPHAD method. J. Mater. Sci. Technol. 2019, 35, 2115–2120. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Eriksson, G.; Wu, P.; Blander, M.; Pelton, A.D. Critical evaluation and optimization of the thermodynamic properties and phase diagrams of the MnO-SiO2 and CaO-SiO2 systems. Can. Metall. Quart. 1994, 33, 13–21. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Higuchi, K.; Naito, M.; Nakano, M.; Takamoto, Y. Optimization of chemical composition and microstructure of iron ore sinter for low-temperature drip of molten iron with high permeability. ISIJ Int. 2004, 44, 2057–2066. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Wang, Q.; Chen, M.; Jiang, Y.; Wang, S.; Zhao, X.; Evans, T.; Zhao, J. Phase Equilibria Studies in the CaO-SiO2-Al2O3-MgO System with CaO/SiO2 Ratio of 0.9. J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 2020, 103, 7299–7309. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Shi, J.; Chen, M.; Santoso, I.; Sun, L.; Jiang, M.; Taskinen, P.; Jokilaakso, A. 1250° C liquidus for the CaO-MgO-SiO2-Al2O3-TiO2 system in air. Ceram. Int. 2020, 46, 1545–1550. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Shi, J.; Qiu, C.; Yu, B.; Dong, X.X.; Hou, C.; Li, J.; Liu, C. Titanium extractive from titania-bearing blast furnace slag: A review. JOM 2022, 74, 654–667. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Li, Y.; Qiu, Y.; Shi, J.; Zhang, B.; Meng, F.; Li, J.; Liu, C. Equilibrium Phase Relations of a SiO2–Al2O3–FeOx System with 10 wt% CaO Addition for the Production of Continuous Basalt Fibers. ACS Omega 2021, 6, 21465–21471. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Jak, E.; Hayes, P.C. Phase equilibria determination in complex slag systems. Miner. Process. Extr. Metall. Rev. 2008, 117, 1–17. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Chen, M.; Shi, J.; Taskinen, P.; Jokilaakso, A. Experimental determination of the 1300° C and 1400° C isotherms for CaO-SiO2-TiO2-10 wt% Al2O3 system in air. Ceram. Int. 2020, 46, 9183–9191. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Nakada, H.; Nagata, K. Crystallization of CaO-SiO2-TiO2 slag as a candidate for fluorine free mold flux. ISIJ Int. 2006, 46, 441–449. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Shi, J.; Qiu, C.; Wan, B.; Yu, B.; Chen, M.; Li, Z.; Liu, S.; Taskinen, P. Equilibrium phase relations of CaO-SiO2-Ti3O5 system at 1400 °C and p(O2) of 10−16 atm. JOM 2021, 74, 668–675. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Ma, X.; Zhang, D.; Zhao, Z.; Evans, T.; Zhao, B. Phase equilibria in the CaO-SiO2-Al2O3-MgO system with CaO/SiO2 ratio of 1.3 relevant to iron blast furnace slags. ISIJ Int. 2015, 56, 513–519. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Cao, H.; Yan, Y.; Yue, P. Basalt Fiber; National Defence Industry Press: Beijing, China, 2017; pp. 52–58. [Google Scholar]
- Pelton, A.D. Thermodynamic database development-modeling and phase diagram calculations in oxide systems. Rare Met. 2006, 25, 473–480. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Liu, R.; Zhang, Y.Y.; Duan, L.B.; Zhao, X. Effect of Fe2+/Fe3+ ratio on photocatalytic activities of Zn1-xFexO nanoparticles fabricated by the auto combustion method. Ceram. Int. 2020, 46, 1–7. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Wu, P.; Eriksson, G.; Pelton, A.D. Blander, M. Prediction of the thermodynamic properties and phase diagrams of silicate systems–evaluation of the FeO-MgO-SiO2 system. ISIJ Int. 1993, 33, 26–35. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Chang, Y.A.; Chen, S.; Zhang, F.; Yan, X.; Zhang, F.; Xie, F.; Schmid-Fetzer, R.; Oates, W. Phase diagram calculation: Past, present and future. Prog. Mater. Sci. 2004, 49, 313–345. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Bale, C.; Belisle, E.; Chartrand, P.; Decterov, S.; Eriksson, G.; Hack, K.; Jung, I.-H.; Kang, Y.-B.; Melançon, J.; Pelton, A.; et al. FactSage thermochemical software and databases-recent developments. Calphad 2009, 33, 295–311. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
No. | Initial Compositions, wt.% | Equilibrium PHASES | Equilibrium Compositions, wt.% | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Fe2O3 | SiO2 | Al2O3 | Magnetite | SiO2 | Al2O3 | ||
B1 | 10.0 | 90.0 | 0.0 | magnetite | 91.7 ± 1.3 | 8.0 ± 1.3 | 0.0 ± 0.0 |
Silica | 0.5 ± 0.1 | 99.5 ± 0.1 | 0.0 ± 0.0 | ||||
B2 | 5.0 | 90.0 | 5.0 | Liquid | 35.0 ± 1.1 | 42.3 ± 1.1 | 22.7 ± 0.6 |
Silica | 0.4 ± 0.2 | 99.4 ± 0.2 | 0.1 ± 0.0(5) | ||||
B3 | 15.0 | 80.0 | 5.0 | Liquid | 47.4 ± 1.2 | 33.0 ± 1.3 | 19.6 ± 1.1 |
Silica | 0.7 ± 0.1 | 99.2 ± 0.1 | 0.1 ± 0.0(3) | ||||
B4 | 10.0 | 80.0 | 10.0 | Liquid | 29.7 ± 1.4 | 48.8 ± 1.4 | 21.5 ± 0.7 |
Silica | 0.7 ± 0.0(9) | 99.0 ± 0.0(5) | 0.3 ± 0.1 | ||||
B5 | 5.0 | 80.0 | 15.0 | Liquid | 27.4 ± 0.7 | 51.5 ± 0.8 | 21.1 ± 0.4 |
Silica | 0.4 ± 0.1 | 99.2 ± 0.1 | 0.3 ± 0.0(8) | ||||
Mullite | 10.0 ± 0.4 | 26.6 ± 1.1 | 63.4 ± 1.3 | ||||
B6 | 15.0 | 70.0 | 15.0 | Liquid | 28.0 ± 0.6 | 52.4 ± 0.7 | 19.6 ± 0.2 |
Silica | 0.6 ± 0.1 | 99.0 ± 0.1 | 0.4 ± 0.1 | ||||
Mullite | 9.7 ± 0.9 | 25.6 ± 1.1 | 64.7 ± 1.4 |
No. | Initial Compositions, wt.% | Equilibrium Phases | Equilibrium Compositions, wt.% | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Fe2O3 | SiO2 | Al2O3 | Fe2O3 | SiO2 | Al2O3 | ||
B5 | 5.0 | 80.0 | 15.0 | Silica | 0.3 ± 0.0(9) | 99.3 ± 0.1 | 0.4 ±0.0(6) |
Mullite | 5.1 ± 0.5 | 27.7 ± 1.1 | 67.2 ± 1.5 | ||||
Ferric oxide | 77.7 ± 1.3 | 7.5 ± 0.9 | 14.8 ± 1.1 | ||||
B6 | 15.0 | 70.0 | 15.0 | Silica | 0.6 ± 0.1 | 99.1 ± 0.1 | 0.3 ± 0.0(9) |
Mullite | 13.6 ± 0.8 | 25.9 ± 0.4 | 60.6 ± 0.7 | ||||
Ferric oxide | 87.2 ± 0.5 | 0.7 ± 0.1 | 12.1 ± 0.4 |
Publisher’s Note: MDPI stays neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. |
© 2022 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
Share and Cite
Li, S.; Qiu, Y.; Shi, J.; Li, J.; Liu, C. Equilibrium Phase Relations for a SiO2-Al2O3-FeOx System at 1300 °C and 1400 °C in Air. Metals 2022, 12, 926. https://doi.org/10.3390/met12060926
Li S, Qiu Y, Shi J, Li J, Liu C. Equilibrium Phase Relations for a SiO2-Al2O3-FeOx System at 1300 °C and 1400 °C in Air. Metals. 2022; 12(6):926. https://doi.org/10.3390/met12060926
Chicago/Turabian StyleLi, Song, Yuchao Qiu, Junjie Shi, Jianzhong Li, and Changsheng Liu. 2022. "Equilibrium Phase Relations for a SiO2-Al2O3-FeOx System at 1300 °C and 1400 °C in Air" Metals 12, no. 6: 926. https://doi.org/10.3390/met12060926