The Plasma Electrolytic Oxidation of Aluminum Using Microsecond-Range DC Pulsing
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Phase Composition, Surface Morphology and Chemical Composition of the PEO Coatings
3.2. Photocatalytic Activity and Photoluminescence of the PEO Coatings
4. Conclusions
- (a)
- Changing the pulse length (ton = 50 μs, 300 μs, 900 μs) and duty cycle (toff = 5 ton, 25 ton) does not have a considerable influence on the phase and chemical composition of formed coatings. However, a higher level of crystallization in the formed PEO coatings is observed for higher duty cycle values. The formed oxide coatings contain species originating both from the substrate and the electrolyte solution, but their composition does not change dramatically when changing the processing conditions in the investigated range of electrical parameters;
- (b)
- Processing conditions play an important role in the morphology of obtained coatings, especially in their thickness. For coatings with pulse lengths of 50 μs and 300 μs, the thickness increases with the lowering duty cycle, while for the coatings with a pulse length of 900 μs, an opposite trend is observed. Conversely, the porosity of the 900 μs pulse samples increases with the lowering duty cycle, while for the other two pulse lengths, the exact opposite trend is observed. The PEO coatings formed with 50 µs pulses (regardless of the duty cycle value) show higher roughness than the coatings formed with pulse lengths of 300 µs and 900 µs.
- (c)
- The photocatalytic activity and photoluminescence of formed PEO coatings are dependent on both their morphological properties and their chemical composition. The highest photoactivity is observed for the coatings with ton = 300 μs and toff = 25 ton, which coincides with the maximum PL intensity. However, comparable photocatalytic activity and photoluminescence are observed for the coating formed with ton = 50 μs and toff = 25 ton, which requires about six times less energy for PEO processing.
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Sample Name (ton/toff) | ton (µs) | toff (μs) | Dt |
---|---|---|---|
50/5ton | 50 | 250 | 16.66 |
50/25ton | 50 | 1250 | 3.85 |
300/5ton | 300 | 1500 | 16.66 |
300/25ton | 300 | 7500 | 3.85 |
900/5ton | 900 | 4500 | 16.66 |
900/25ton | 900 | 22,500 | 3.85 |
Element | Atomic Fraction (%) | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
50/5ton | 50/25ton | 300/5ton | 300/25ton | 900/5ton | 900/25ton | |
O | 64.34 | 67.53 | 70.88 | 71.25 | 75.32 | 64.94 |
Al | 29.89 | 25.22 | 21.32 | 20.85 | 17.47 | 28.15 |
W | 5.77 | 7.25 | 7.79 | 7.90 | 7.22 | 6.92 |
Sample Name | Thickness (µm) | Porosity (%) | Roughness (nm) |
---|---|---|---|
50/5ton | 1.7 ± 0.2 | 9.84 ± 0.15 | 368 ± 18 |
50/25ton | 2.9 ± 0.2 | 6.43 ± 0.12 | 495 ± 9 |
300/5ton | 2.8 ± 0.4 | 10.61 ± 0.19 | 317 ± 7 |
300/25ton | 3.7 ± 0.3 | 9.41 ± 0.13 | 419 ± 16 |
900/5ton | 3.1 ± 0.1 | 8.59 ± 0.13 | 319 ± 14 |
900/25ton | 2.1 ± 0.3 | 11.13 ± 0.18 | 421 ± 11 |
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Mojsilović, K.; Stojadinović, S.; Vasilić, R. The Plasma Electrolytic Oxidation of Aluminum Using Microsecond-Range DC Pulsing. Metals 2023, 13, 1931. https://doi.org/10.3390/met13121931
Mojsilović K, Stojadinović S, Vasilić R. The Plasma Electrolytic Oxidation of Aluminum Using Microsecond-Range DC Pulsing. Metals. 2023; 13(12):1931. https://doi.org/10.3390/met13121931
Chicago/Turabian StyleMojsilović, Kristina, Stevan Stojadinović, and Rastko Vasilić. 2023. "The Plasma Electrolytic Oxidation of Aluminum Using Microsecond-Range DC Pulsing" Metals 13, no. 12: 1931. https://doi.org/10.3390/met13121931