Application of the Microwave and Ultrasonic Combined Technique in the Extraction of Refractory Complex Zinc Ore
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Materials
2.2. Analytical Techniques
2.3. Experimental Method
2.4. Thermodynamic Simulation Method
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. The Mineralogical Characteristics of Complex Zinc Ore
3.2. Microwave-Assisted Phase Transformation
3.2.1. Effect of Na2O2 Additive Doping on Phase Transformation
3.2.2. Effect of Microwave-Assisted Heating on Phase Transformation
3.3. Ultrasonic-Assisted Complexation Leaching
3.3.1. The Complexation Leaching Equilibrium under Zn(II)-NH4+-NH3-NTA3−-H2O System
3.3.2. The Effect of Ultrasonic-Assisted Complexation Leaching
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
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ZnT | CaO | SiO2 | S | Fe | Pb | Al2O3 | MgO |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
24.91 | 11.96 | 10.30 | 10.20 | 7.70 | 4.80 | 1.27 | 0.22 |
Zinc Phases | Sulphide | Carbonate | Silicate | Franklinite et al. | ZnT |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mass fraction/wt−% | 11.06 | 9.68 | 4.00 | 0.052 | 24.91 |
Distribution/wt−% | 44.61 | 39.04 | 16.13 | 0.21 | 100 |
Elements | S | Pb | Fe | Zn | O | Si |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
A/wt% | 1.85 | 84.56 | – | 4.95 | 8.64 | – |
B/wt% | 33.89 | 4.73 | 6.61 | 54.76 | – | – |
C/wt% | 54.20 | 45.80 | – | – | – | – |
D/wt% | – | – | – | – | 35.51 | 64.49 |
LogK1 | LogK2 | LogK3 | LogK4 | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Ammonia–zinc | 2.37 | 4.81 | 7.31 | 9.46 |
Hydroxide–zinc | 4.40 | 11.30 | 14.14 | 17.66 |
Chloride–zinc | 0.43 | 0.61 | 0.43 | 0.20 |
Nitrilotriacetic–zinc | 10.45 | 13.45 | - | - |
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Liu, J.; Li, S.; Zhang, L.; Yang, K. Application of the Microwave and Ultrasonic Combined Technique in the Extraction of Refractory Complex Zinc Ore. Metals 2023, 13, 356. https://doi.org/10.3390/met13020356
Liu J, Li S, Zhang L, Yang K. Application of the Microwave and Ultrasonic Combined Technique in the Extraction of Refractory Complex Zinc Ore. Metals. 2023; 13(2):356. https://doi.org/10.3390/met13020356
Chicago/Turabian StyleLiu, Junchang, Shiwei Li, Libo Zhang, and Kun Yang. 2023. "Application of the Microwave and Ultrasonic Combined Technique in the Extraction of Refractory Complex Zinc Ore" Metals 13, no. 2: 356. https://doi.org/10.3390/met13020356