Indoor Environmental Quality Optimisation Model for Institutional Care Rooms of Elderly People
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Importance of IEQ Parameters to the Elderly
2.1. Visual Comfort
2.2. Acoustical Comfort
2.3. Thermal Comfort
2.4. Indoor Air Quality (IAQ)
2.5. IEQ Optimisation through Weighted Schemes
3. Methodology
3.1. Parametric Form Generation
- Area of the room is taken as 24 m2 (with grid system).
- The studied room is placed at 10 m height of the building at the 3rd level.
- The scenario is created based on an urban (inner city) location, which means having surrounding buildings and a main street in front of the room.
- The location is selected as Ankara in Turkey.
- All performance indicators are calculated based on annual climatic conditions.
- The considered room is placed in the middle part, i.e., there are other neighbouring rooms next to the studied room in this paper. Therefore, the room has 3 interior walls and 1 exterior wall.
- The exterior wall has a window whose dimensions are changing, since the window-to-wall (WWR) ratio is one of the decision variables.
- The exterior wall is oriented in a south direction, which also has the main street in front.
- The door is at the side of the corridors and the bathroom is placed next to the door that corresponds to the entrance to the room from the corridors of the main building (Figure 2).
- Double glazing–12 mm air gap–wood joinery;
- Double glazing–16 mm air gap–wood joinery;
- Double glazing–12 mm air gap–PVC joinery;
- Double glazing–16 mm air gap–PVC joinery;
- Low-e double glazing with 12 mm air gap–PVC joinery;
- Low-e double glazing–16 mm air gap–PVC joinery.
- Ceiling 1: 15 cm ceiling + half 10 mm suspended ceiling;
- Ceiling 2: 15 cm ceiling + full 15 mm additional suspended ceiling;
- Ceiling 3: 15 cm ceiling + no suspended ceiling + 10 mm painted plywood.
3.2. Performance Evaluation for IEQ Parameters
3.2.1. Objective Functions
Thermal Comfort: Predicted Mean Vote (PMV)
- Air speed (the velocity of air circulating through the building zone);
- Internal air temperature (can be measured by dry bulb temperature);
- Mean radiant temperature (the average amount of heat that is radiated into the building from surfaces);
- Relative humidity (how much moisture vapour is in the air as a percentage).
- In addition, it uses two expected parameters:
- Activity rate (can be expected by using the metabolism rate and external work of the user);
- Clothing level (the amount and type of clothing and the ratio of exposed/unexposed skin, e.g., 0.25 clo can be T-shirt and shorts).
Daylight Comfort: Useful Daylight Illuminance (UDI)
Acoustics Comfort: Speech Transmission Index (STI)
Indoor Air Quality: CO2 Concentration
3.2.2. Weighted Summation of IEQ
3.3. Optimisation Algorithm
4. Results
4.1. Computational Results
4.2. Discussion on Architectural Results
5. Conclusions
6. Limitations and Future Work
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Design Variable | Notation | Unit | Variable Type | Range |
---|---|---|---|---|
Shading Device Angle | degree | continuous | ||
Glazing Ratio | percentage | continuous | ||
Blind Position | position | discrete | ||
Suspended Ceiling Type | number | discrete | ||
Dry Bulb Temperature Summer | degree | continuous | [23–27] | |
Dry Bulb Temperature Winter | degree | continuous | [20–22.5] | |
Relative Humidity Summer | percentage | continuous | [30–60] | |
Relative Humidity winter | percentage | continuous | [30–60] | |
Interior Wall Type | number | discrete | ||
Glazing Type | number | discrete | ||
Exterior Wall Type | number | discrete | ||
Interior Wall Colour | number | discrete | ||
Floor Colour | number | discrete | ||
Ceiling Colour | number | discrete | ||
Lighting Density | kWh/m2 | continuous | [3–30] |
Rep.1 | Rep.2 | Rep.3 | Rep.4 | Rep.5 | Min | Max | Avg | Std.Dev | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
0.7213 | 0.7077 | 0.7274 | 0.7236 | 0.7134 | 0.7077 | 0.7274 | 0.7187 | 0.007993 | |
Elderly Room Result |
Design Variable | Result |
---|---|
Shading device angle | 0 |
Glazing Ratio | 0.74 |
Blind Position | 0: horizontal |
Suspended Ceiling Type | 1: fully covered |
Dry Bulb Temperature Summer | 26 |
Dry Bulb Temperature Winter | 22.5 |
Relative Humidity Summer | 60 |
Relative Humidity winter | 59.9 |
Interior Wall Type | 2 |
Glazing Type | 0 |
Exterior Wall Type | 15 |
Interior Wall Colour | 0: very dark_20% reflectance value |
Floor Colour | 2: bright_30% reflectance value |
Ceiling Colour | 4: very bright_90% reflectance value |
Lighting Density | 26.36 |
Wall 15-EPS (40 mm-u:0.035 W/mK-Brick Exterior Wall with Thermal Insulation Material | |
1. Layer | Lime mortar, lime-cement mortar |
2. Layer | Walls made with AB grade bricks using regular mortar |
3. Layer | Polystyrene-Particle Foam |
4. Layer | Lime mortar, lime-cement mortar |
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Cubukcuoglu, C.; Cilasun Kunduraci, A.; Asadollahi Asl Zarkhah, S. Indoor Environmental Quality Optimisation Model for Institutional Care Rooms of Elderly People. Buildings 2023, 13, 2625. https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings13102625
Cubukcuoglu C, Cilasun Kunduraci A, Asadollahi Asl Zarkhah S. Indoor Environmental Quality Optimisation Model for Institutional Care Rooms of Elderly People. Buildings. 2023; 13(10):2625. https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings13102625
Chicago/Turabian StyleCubukcuoglu, Cemre, Arzu Cilasun Kunduraci, and Sahar Asadollahi Asl Zarkhah. 2023. "Indoor Environmental Quality Optimisation Model for Institutional Care Rooms of Elderly People" Buildings 13, no. 10: 2625. https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings13102625