Out-of-Plane Strengthening of Existing Timber Floors with Cross Laminated Timber Panels Made of Short Supply Chain Beech
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Reinforcing Interventions
- a double-crossed timber planking, made of hardwood, with a mean modulus of elasticity parallel to the grain Emean,II = 14,237 MPa and a mean density ρmean = 756 kg/m3;
- a RC slab with secant modulus of elasticity Ec = 31,447 MPa and ρmean = 2500 kg/m3.
3. Comparison of Selected Intervention Techniques
3.1. Calculation Approach
3.2. Slip Moduli and Performance
3.3. Bending Stiffness
3.4. Weight
4. Bending Moment and Normal Stresses
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Reinforcing System | d = 8 mm | d = 10 mm | d = 12 mm | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Kser [N/mm] | Ku [N/mm] | Kser [N/mm] | Ku [N/mm] | Kser [N/mm] | Ku [N/mm] | |
(i) Timber/(ii) CLT | 3712 | 2475 | 4640 | 3093 | 5568 | 3712 |
(iii) RC | 5444 | 3630 | 6805 | 4537 | 8167 | 5444 |
Reinforcing System | (EI)0 [Nmm2] | (EI)∞ [Nmm2] |
---|---|---|
None | 8.54 × 1011 | 8.95 × 1011 |
(i) Timber plank | 8.62 × 1011 | 2.60 × 1012 |
(ii) CLT panel | 9.19 × 1011 | 3.03 × 1012 |
(iii) RC slab | 9.98 × 1011 | 3.88 × 1012 |
Reinforcing System | d = 8 mm | d = 10 mm | d = 12 mm | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
γ1 (SLS) [-] | γ1 (ULS) [-] | γ1 (SLS) [-] | γ1 (ULS) [-] | γ1 (SLS) [-] | γ1 (ULS) [-] | |
(i) Timber | 0.38 | 0.29 | 0.44 | 0.34 | 0.48 | 0.38 |
(ii) CLT | 0.24 | 0.17 | 0.28 | 0.21 | 0.32 | 0.24 |
(iii) RC | 0.17 | 0.12 | 0.20 | 0.15 | 0.24 | 0.17 |
Reinforcing System | (EI)eff [Nmm2] | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
K1 | K2 | K3 | |||||||
d = 8 mm | d = 10 mm | d = 12 mm | d = 8 mm | d = 10 mm | d = 12 mm | d = 8 mm | d = 10 mm | d = 12 mm | |
None | 8.93 × 1011 | 8.93 × 1011 | 8.94 × 1011 | ||||||
(i) Timber | 1.42 × 1012 | 1.45 × 1012 | 1.48 × 1012 | 1.47 × 1012 | 1.51 × 1012 | 1.54 × 1012 | 1.57 × 1012 | 1.61 × 1012 | 1.65 × 1012 |
(ii) CLT | 2.13 × 1012 | 2.16 × 1012 | 2.19 × 1012 | 2.18 × 1012 | 2.22 × 1012 | 2.25 × 1012 | 2.28 × 1012 | 2.33 × 1012 | 2.37 × 1012 |
(iii) RC | 3.09 × 1012 | 3.11 × 1012 | 3.12 × 1012 | 3.12 × 1012 | 3.14 × 1012 | 3.16 × 1012 | 3.19 × 1012 | 3.22 × 1012 | 3.25 × 1012 |
Reinforcing System | (EI)eff [Nmm2] | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
K1 | K2 | K3 | |||||||
d = 8 mm | d = 10 mm | d = 12 mm | d = 8 mm | d = 10 mm | d = 12 mm | d = 8 mm | d = 10 mm | d = 12 mm | |
None | 8.93 × 1011 | 8.93 × 1011 | 8.94 × 1011 | ||||||
(i) Timber | 1.48 × 1012 | 1.51 × 1012 | 1.54 × 1012 | 1.54 × 1012 | 1.58 × 1012 | 1.61 × 1012 | 1.65 × 1012 | 1.69 × 1012 | 1.72 × 1012 |
(ii) CLT | 2.19 × 1012 | 2.22 × 1012 | 2.25 × 1012 | 2.25 × 1012 | 2.29 × 1012 | 2.33 × 1012 | 2.37 × 1012 | 2.43 × 1012 | 2.47 × 1012 |
(iii) RC | 3.12 × 1012 | 3.15 × 1012 | 3.17 × 1012 | 3.16 × 1012 | 3.19 × 1012 | 3.22 × 1012 | 3.25 × 1012 | 3.29 × 1012 | 3.33 × 1012 |
Reinforcing System | d = 8 mm | d = 10 mm | d = 12 mm | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
η (SLS) [-] | η (ULS) [-] | η (SLS) [-] | η (ULS) [-] | η (SLS) [-] | η (ULS) [-] | |
(i) Timber | 0.39 | 0.35 | 0.41 | 0.37 | 0.43 | 0.39 |
(ii) CLT | 0.63 | 0.60 | 0.65 | 0.61 | 0.67 | 0.63 |
(iii) RC | 0.75 | 0.74 | 0.76 | 0.74 | 0.77 | 0.75 |
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Spera, L.; Sciomenta, M.; Bedon, C.; Fragiacomo, M. Out-of-Plane Strengthening of Existing Timber Floors with Cross Laminated Timber Panels Made of Short Supply Chain Beech. Buildings 2024, 14, 749. https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings14030749
Spera L, Sciomenta M, Bedon C, Fragiacomo M. Out-of-Plane Strengthening of Existing Timber Floors with Cross Laminated Timber Panels Made of Short Supply Chain Beech. Buildings. 2024; 14(3):749. https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings14030749
Chicago/Turabian StyleSpera, Luca, Martina Sciomenta, Chiara Bedon, and Massimo Fragiacomo. 2024. "Out-of-Plane Strengthening of Existing Timber Floors with Cross Laminated Timber Panels Made of Short Supply Chain Beech" Buildings 14, no. 3: 749. https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings14030749