Research on the Optimization Design of the Atrium Space Form in University Libraries Based on the Coupling of Daylighting and Energy Consumption
Abstract
:1. Introduction
1.1. The Natural Lighting and Air Conditioning Energy Consumption of the Atrium
1.2. Multi-Objective Optimization
2. Methodology
2.1. Technical Route
- (1)
- Establishment of a typical model: We conducted a nationwide field survey of 36 university library atriums and collected and analyzed data to establish a typical parametric atrium model based on this information.
- (2)
- Simulation of the atrium’s physical environment: We performed detailed building performance simulations for the typical atrium model using the Ladybug and Honeybee plugins. The simulation results included the spatial daylight autonomy (sDA), the percentage of useful daylight illuminance (UDI), and the air conditioning energy consumption (EC), providing a quantitative basis for assessing the daylighting quality and energy consumption level of the atrium.
- (3)
- Multi-objective optimization: Furthermore, we used the Wallacei plugin in conjunction with genetic algorithms to conduct multi-objective optimization of the atrium design. In this stage, we set optimization parameters and objectives and generated a set of Pareto optimal solutions through an iterative process. These solutions represent design schemes that balance natural daylighting and air conditioning energy consumption, and the best atrium morphological design schemes were further selected through performance analysis.
2.2. Construct the Typical Analytical Model
2.2.1. Survey Data Collection
2.2.2. Establish Typical Model
2.3. Research Region
2.4. Daylighting and Energy Consumption Simulation Optimization Analysis
2.4.1. Enclosure Structural Parameter Settings
2.4.2. Morphological Optimization Parameter Settings
2.4.3. Settings of Optimize Performance Indicator
2.4.4. Settings of Personnel and Equipment Parameters
2.5. Settings of Wallacei Plugin
3. Result
4. Discussion
4.1. Analysis of Interrelationship between Optimization Parameters and Performance Indicators
4.2. Selected Optimized Solutions Analysis
5. Conclusions and Future Work
- WI, θ, and SAR show an inverse relationship with sDA, UDI, and EC indicators, while AR shows a direct proportionality with these indicators. When WI = 0.55, AR = 0.07, θ1 = 53°, θ2 = 95°, and SAR = 0.42, sDA reaches its maximum value of 0.68, indicating the optimal natural daylighting effect in the atrium.
- When WI = 0.55, AR = 0.19, θ1 = 53°, θ2 = 95°, and SAR = 0.42, the sDA reaches its maximum value of 0.68, indicating the best natural daylighting effect in the atrium. When WI = 0.49, AR = 0.16, θ1 = 54°, θ2 = 92°, and SAR = 0.36, UDI reaches its maximum value of 0.36, indicating the best effective natural daylighting in the atrium; when WI = 0.59, AR = 0.07, θ1 = 84°, θ2 = 133°, and SAR = 1.37, EC is minimized to 56.39 kWh/m2, indicating the lowest air conditioning energy consumption in the atrium.
- Increasing the length of the atrium’s east–west skylights and reducing the profile aspect ratio (SAR) can significantly enhance natural daylighting in the atrium; when the profile inclination angle is less than 90°, reducing the east–west section inclination angle of the atrium can improve indoor natural daylighting; when the section inclination angle is greater than 90°, increasing the north–south section inclination angle of the atrium can effectively reduce indoor energy consumption.
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Name of Research Campus | h/m | w/m | L2/m | W2/m | Atrium Location Diagram |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
South China Agricultural University | 4.5 | 8 | 48, 24 | 24, 16 | |
South China Normal University (Shipai Campus) | 4.5 | 8 | 16 | 16 | |
Jinan University | 4.5 | 4 | 48 | 32 | |
South China University of Technology | 5.4 | 4 | 36, 18 | 9, 9 | |
Guangdong University of Technology | 3.9 | 8 | 24 | 32 | |
Guangzhou University | 4.2 | 8 | 40 | 21 | |
South China Normal University (University Town Campus) | 3.6 | 8 | 24 | 18 | |
Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine | 4.8 | 8 | 12 | 9 | |
Xinghai Conservatory of Music | 3.9 | 2 | 20 | 20 | |
South China University of Technology (Wushan Campus) | 4.5 | 6 | 26 | 15 | |
Guangdong Pharmaceutical University | 4.2 | 8 | 40 | 16 | |
South University of Science and Technology of China | 5.4 | 8 | 46 | 10 | |
Southern Medical University | 5.4 | 8 | 16 | 12 | |
Shantou University | 4.2 | 8 | 36 | 28 | |
Guangzhou Medical University | 4.8 | 6 | 18 | 18 | |
Guangdong University of Foreign Studies (University Town Campus) | 4.2 | 2 | 40 | 30 | |
University of Foreign Studies (North Campus) | 4.2 | 6 | 24 | 24 | |
South China University of Technology (University Town Campus) | 4.5 | 8 | 73 | 34 | |
Chengdu University | 4.2 | 8 | 32 | 32 | |
Dongguan Vocational and Technical College | 3.6 | 4 | 35 | 20 | |
Guangdong University of Finance and Economics | 3.2 | 8 | 38 | 38 | |
Guangdong Academy of Fine Arts | 4.2 | 4 | 27 | 13 | |
Dalian University of Technology | 4.8 | 10 | 38 | 24 | |
Tsinghua University (Li Wenzheng Hall) | 3.6 | 8 | 25 | 20 | |
University (Law School) | 3.6 | 8 | 16 | 16 | |
Shenzhen University | 4.2 | 2 | 20 | 20 | |
Tianjin University | 5.4 | 8 | 74 | 74 | |
Wuhan University of Technology | 3.6 | 8 | 36 | 27 | |
The Chinese University of Hong Kong | 3.4 | 4 | 16 | 10 | |
Central University of Finance and Economics | 4.5 | 8 | 40 | 24 | |
Communication University of China | 4 | 6 | 14 | 10 | |
Nankai University | 4.8 | 8 | 28 | 10 | |
North China University of Technology | 3.6 | 8 | 40 | 16 | |
Zhejiang College of Tongji University | 3.6 | 8 | 27 | 20 | |
Anshun Polytechnic | 5.7 | 8 | 24 | 24 | |
College of Science and Technology, Xinjiang University | 5.2 | 8 | 20 | 20 |
Model Parameters | Notes | |
---|---|---|
Plan Dimensions | 78 m × 68 m | Fixed Parameters |
Floor-to-ceiling Height (h) | 4.5 m | |
Number of Floors (c) | 4 floors | |
Skylight Form | Flat-top skylight | |
Open Space Distance (w) | 6 m | |
Atrium Plan Dimensions | W2·L2 = 600 m2 | Variable Parameters (W1, W2, L1, L2) |
Skylight Plan Dimensions | 0 < W1·L1 ≤ 20%S |
Enclosure Structure | Set Value | |
---|---|---|
Thermal Transmittance [W/(m2·K)] | Roof (Coating 10 mm + Waterproof Cement 15 mm + XPS 100 mm + EPS 30 mm + Reinforced Concrete 200 mm) | 0.40 |
Interior Walls | Adiabatic | |
Exterior Walls | Adiabatic | |
Floor | Adiabatic | |
Skylight (6 mm HLT low-e + 12 mm Air + 6 mm Glass) | 1.92 | |
Material Reflectance | Ceiling | 0.75 |
Interior Walls | 0.60 | |
Floor | 0.30 |
Skylight Glass Parameters (6 mm HLT low-e + 12 mm Air + 6 mm Glass) | |||
---|---|---|---|
Solar Heat Gain Coefficient | Shading Coefficient | Visible Light Transmittance Ratio | Thermal Transmittance [W/(m2·K)] |
0.26 | 0.30 | 0.72 | 1.92 |
Parameter | Setting |
---|---|
Occupant density (m2/person) | 5 |
Room summer set temperature (°C) | 26 |
Power consumption (W/m2·K) | 10 |
Fresh air volume [m3/(h·person)] | 30 |
COP | 4.5 |
Test grid size (m) | 2 m × 2 m |
Illuminance sensor height (m) | 0.75 |
Generation Size | Generation Count | Crossover Probability | Mutation Probability | Random Seed |
---|---|---|---|---|
50 | 40 | 0.9 | 0.05 | 1 |
Abbreviation | Explanation |
---|---|
sDA | The spatial daylight autonomy |
UDI | The percentage of useful daylight illuminance |
EC | The air conditioning energy consumption |
h | Floor-to-ceiling height |
c | Number of floors |
L2 | East–west atriums length |
W2 | North–south atriums length |
w | Open space distance |
H | Floor-to-ceiling height |
L1 | East–west skylight length |
W1 | North–south skylight length |
S | The base area |
a | The north–south length of the building |
b | The east–west length of the building |
AR | The skylight area ratio |
SAR | Height-to-width ratio |
θ1 | The east–west section inclination angle of the atrium |
θ2 | The north–south section inclination angle of the atrium |
θ | Section inclination angle |
WI | The well index |
CFD | Computational fluid dynamics |
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Share and Cite
Bai, W.; Guo, W.; He, Y.; Wu, Y.; Liang, S.; Zhang, S. Research on the Optimization Design of the Atrium Space Form in University Libraries Based on the Coupling of Daylighting and Energy Consumption. Buildings 2024, 14, 2715. https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings14092715
Bai W, Guo W, He Y, Wu Y, Liang S, Zhang S. Research on the Optimization Design of the Atrium Space Form in University Libraries Based on the Coupling of Daylighting and Energy Consumption. Buildings. 2024; 14(9):2715. https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings14092715
Chicago/Turabian StyleBai, Wenqi, Weihong Guo, Yiwei He, Yudi Wu, Sheng Liang, and Shen Zhang. 2024. "Research on the Optimization Design of the Atrium Space Form in University Libraries Based on the Coupling of Daylighting and Energy Consumption" Buildings 14, no. 9: 2715. https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings14092715