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Article

One Health Priorities: Advancing Veterinary Public Health in Latin America and the Caribbean

by
Felipe Rocha
1,
Alessandra Cristiane Sibim
2,
Baldomero Molina-Flores
1,
Wagner Antonio Chiba de Castro
3,
Louise Bach Kmetiuk
4,
Renato Vieira Alves
1,
André Luis de Sousa dos Santos
1,
Margarita Corrales Moreno
1,
Álvaro A. Faccini-Martínez
5,6,7,
Natalia Margarita Cediel
8,
Alexander Welker Biondo
9,
Ottorino Cosivi
1 and
Marco Antonio Natal Vigilato
1,*
1
Pan American Center for Foot-and-Mouth Disease and Veterinary Public Health (PANAFTOSA/VPH), Pan American Health Organization (PAHO/WHO), Rio de Janeiro 25045-002, RJ, Brazil
2
Latin-American Institute of Technology, Infrastructure and Territory, Federal University for Latin American Integration (UNILA), Foz do Iguaçu 85870-650, PR, Brazil
3
Latin-American Institute of Life and Nature Sciences, Federal University for Latin American Integration, Foz do Iguaçu 85870-650, PR, Brazil
4
Zoonosis Surveillance Unit, Curitiba 81265-320, PR, Brazil
5
Servicio de Infectología, Hospital Militar Central, Facultad de Medicina, Bogotá 110231, Colombia
6
Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Militar Nueva Granada, Bogotá 110110, Colombia
7
Servicios y Asesorías en Infectología, Universidad Militar Nueva Granada, Bogotá 110111, Colombia
8
School of Agricultural Sciences, De La Salle University, Bogotá 11001, Colombia
9
Department of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba 80035-050, PR, Brazil
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Pathogens 2024, 13(8), 710; https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens13080710
Submission received: 25 May 2024 / Revised: 14 July 2024 / Accepted: 18 July 2024 / Published: 21 August 2024
(This article belongs to the Special Issue One Health and Neglected Zoonotic Diseases)
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Abstract

One Health (OH) is an integrative approach to human, animal, and environmental health and can be used as a comprehensive indicator for comparative purposes. Although an OH index has been proposed for comparing cities, states, and countries, to date, no practical study has compared countries using this approach. Accordingly, this study aimed to assess OH initiatives using a survey with a veterinary public health focus. The questionnaire contained 104 quantitative questions and was sent to representatives of governmental institutions of 32 countries in the Americas. After exclusion criteria were considered, a total of 35 questionnaires from 17 countries were analyzed, with country names remaining undisclosed during the statistical analyses to protect potentially sensitive information. Principal component analysis (PCA) of health parameters in Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) as a function of country perception (self-vector) showed that food safety was ranked higher than public policies (p = 0.009), and that both (p = 0.003) were ranked higher than institutional routines related to zoonosis programs. National policies in accordance with international standards, regulations, recommendations, and guidelines was considered the standout topic for public policy, with higher-ranking topics including standard. Meanwhile, challenging topics included tools, preparedness, governance, and research. Food safety showed both strengths and challenges in the coordination of its activities with other sectors. Food safety communication was scored as a strength, while foodborne diseases prevention was ranked as a challenge. Institutional routines for zoonosis maintained both strong and challenging topics in the execution and implementation of attributions and daily routine. Thus, the survey showed that topics such as access to and compliance with international guidelines and intercountry integration were ranked higher than in-country articulation, particularly among food safety, zoonoses, and environmental institutions.
Keywords: sustainability; One Health index; veterinary public health; public policy; climate change sustainability; One Health index; veterinary public health; public policy; climate change

Correction Statement

This article has been republished with a minor correction to the Funding statement. This change does not affect the scientific content of the article.

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MDPI and ACS Style

Rocha, F.; Sibim, A.C.; Molina-Flores, B.; Chiba de Castro, W.A.; Kmetiuk, L.B.; Alves, R.V.; dos Santos, A.L.d.S.; Moreno, M.C.; Faccini-Martínez, Á.A.; Cediel, N.M.; et al. One Health Priorities: Advancing Veterinary Public Health in Latin America and the Caribbean. Pathogens 2024, 13, 710. https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens13080710

AMA Style

Rocha F, Sibim AC, Molina-Flores B, Chiba de Castro WA, Kmetiuk LB, Alves RV, dos Santos ALdS, Moreno MC, Faccini-Martínez ÁA, Cediel NM, et al. One Health Priorities: Advancing Veterinary Public Health in Latin America and the Caribbean. Pathogens. 2024; 13(8):710. https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens13080710

Chicago/Turabian Style

Rocha, Felipe, Alessandra Cristiane Sibim, Baldomero Molina-Flores, Wagner Antonio Chiba de Castro, Louise Bach Kmetiuk, Renato Vieira Alves, André Luis de Sousa dos Santos, Margarita Corrales Moreno, Álvaro A. Faccini-Martínez, Natalia Margarita Cediel, and et al. 2024. "One Health Priorities: Advancing Veterinary Public Health in Latin America and the Caribbean" Pathogens 13, no. 8: 710. https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens13080710

APA Style

Rocha, F., Sibim, A. C., Molina-Flores, B., Chiba de Castro, W. A., Kmetiuk, L. B., Alves, R. V., dos Santos, A. L. d. S., Moreno, M. C., Faccini-Martínez, Á. A., Cediel, N. M., Biondo, A. W., Cosivi, O., & Vigilato, M. A. N. (2024). One Health Priorities: Advancing Veterinary Public Health in Latin America and the Caribbean. Pathogens, 13(8), 710. https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens13080710

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