Transcriptional Alteration of Gene Biomarkers in Hemocytes of Wild Ostrea edulis with Molecular Evidence of Infections with Bonamia spp. and/or Marteilia refringens Parasites
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. PCR Detection of B. ostreae, B. exitiosa and M. refringens
2.2. Gene Expression Analysis
2.3. Principal Component Analyses Results
3. Discussion
4. Material and methods
4.1. Sampling Sites and Oysters
4.2. Molecular Detection of Parasites: B. ostreae and M. refringens
4.3. Quantitative Real-Time PCR (qRT-PCR)
4.4. Statistical Analyses
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Gene | Forward Sequence (5′–3′) | Reverse Sequence (5′–3′) | References | Efficiency (%) |
---|---|---|---|---|
MT | CTAATTTTACTCCTTCCAAC | CAGGCGACCATTAATTCAC | [53] | 99.52 |
SOD | TCGTCAATGTCAGCGTGAA | AAATGTTGGGGCTGGTGA | [21] | 102.87 |
GST | GGTCGTCAGGGGTCAGTTT | GGTTCCCGTTCTTGAGCA | [21] | 102.52 |
HSP70 | AGCAAGCCAGCACAGCA | GCGATGATTTCCACCTTC | [54] | 98.27 |
HSP90 | TTTGTGGAACGGGTCAAAA | AACGTCGAGCACAGTCGAG | [21] | 95.76 |
IAP | CTACCTCCCCAGGATTGTCA | CACCACTCTCCTCCATGTCA | [42] | 97.56 |
FAS | TTTGGGCAGTGGTGTAAGTG | TAGCCCTGTTTCTCCACCAG | [42] | 98.50 |
GAL | TCGGAGGTCGCCCTTAAT | TTGCCGTGAACAATCAACA | [22] | 99.30 |
EcSOD | GAGGAGGAAGAGGACCATCC | ATTTTCCTCCGCTTTGTGTG | [42] | 97.67 |
GAPDH | TCCCGCTAGCATTCCTTG | TTGGCGCCTCCTTTCATA | [52] | 98.50 |
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Cocci, P.; Roncarati, A.; Capriotti, M.; Mosconi, G.; Palermo, F.A. Transcriptional Alteration of Gene Biomarkers in Hemocytes of Wild Ostrea edulis with Molecular Evidence of Infections with Bonamia spp. and/or Marteilia refringens Parasites. Pathogens 2020, 9, 323. https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens9050323
Cocci P, Roncarati A, Capriotti M, Mosconi G, Palermo FA. Transcriptional Alteration of Gene Biomarkers in Hemocytes of Wild Ostrea edulis with Molecular Evidence of Infections with Bonamia spp. and/or Marteilia refringens Parasites. Pathogens. 2020; 9(5):323. https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens9050323
Chicago/Turabian StyleCocci, Paolo, Alessandra Roncarati, Martina Capriotti, Gilberto Mosconi, and Francesco Alessandro Palermo. 2020. "Transcriptional Alteration of Gene Biomarkers in Hemocytes of Wild Ostrea edulis with Molecular Evidence of Infections with Bonamia spp. and/or Marteilia refringens Parasites" Pathogens 9, no. 5: 323. https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens9050323