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Article

Molecular Analysis of Indole and Skatole Decomposition Metabolism in Acinetobacter piscicola p38 Utilizing Biochemical and Omics Approaches

by
Zhonghao Wang
1,
Jiajin Sun
1,
Pu Yang
1,
Wanjun Zhang
1,
Yihong Jiang
1,
Qiang Liu
1,
Yunqi Yang
1,
Ruirong Hao
1,
Gang Guo
1,
Wenjie Huo
1,
Qiang Zhang
2 and
Qinghong Li
1,*
1
College of Animal Science, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030800, China
2
College of Resources and Environment, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030800, China
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Microorganisms 2024, 12(9), 1792; https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms12091792
Submission received: 5 August 2024 / Revised: 24 August 2024 / Accepted: 26 August 2024 / Published: 29 August 2024
(This article belongs to the Section Molecular Microbiology and Immunology)

Abstract

Indole and skatole (3-methylindole, C9H9N) are common nitrogen-containing heterocyclic pollutants found in waste, wastewater treatment plants, and public restrooms and are the most notorious compounds in animal feces. Biodegradation was considered a feasible method for the removal of indole and skatole, but a comprehensive understanding of the metabolic pathways under both aerobic and anaerobic conditions was lacking, and the functional genes responsible for skatole biodegradation remained a mystery. Through metagenomic and gene cluster functional analysis, Acinetobacter piscicola p38 (NCBI: CP167896), genes 1650 (styrene monooxygenase: ACDW34_08180), and 1687 (styrene monooxygenase: ACDW34_08350) were identified as having the potential to degrade indole and skatole. The heterologous expression results demonstrate that the genes 1650 and 1651 (flavin reductase: ACDW34_08185), when combined, are capable of degrading indole, while the genes 1687 and 1688 (flavin reductase: ACDW34_08355), in combination, can degrade indole as well as skatole. These reactions necessitate the involvement of flavin reductase and NAD(P)H to catalyze the oxygenation process. This work aimed to provide new experimental evidence for the biodegradation of indole and skatole. This study offered new insights into our understanding of skatole degradation. The Acinetobacter_piscicola p38 strain provided an effective bacterial resource for the bioremediation of fecal indole and skatole.
Keywords: indole; skatole; oxygenase; gene cluster; prokaryotic transcriptome; biodegradation indole; skatole; oxygenase; gene cluster; prokaryotic transcriptome; biodegradation

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MDPI and ACS Style

Wang, Z.; Sun, J.; Yang, P.; Zhang, W.; Jiang, Y.; Liu, Q.; Yang, Y.; Hao, R.; Guo, G.; Huo, W.; et al. Molecular Analysis of Indole and Skatole Decomposition Metabolism in Acinetobacter piscicola p38 Utilizing Biochemical and Omics Approaches. Microorganisms 2024, 12, 1792. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms12091792

AMA Style

Wang Z, Sun J, Yang P, Zhang W, Jiang Y, Liu Q, Yang Y, Hao R, Guo G, Huo W, et al. Molecular Analysis of Indole and Skatole Decomposition Metabolism in Acinetobacter piscicola p38 Utilizing Biochemical and Omics Approaches. Microorganisms. 2024; 12(9):1792. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms12091792

Chicago/Turabian Style

Wang, Zhonghao, Jiajin Sun, Pu Yang, Wanjun Zhang, Yihong Jiang, Qiang Liu, Yunqi Yang, Ruirong Hao, Gang Guo, Wenjie Huo, and et al. 2024. "Molecular Analysis of Indole and Skatole Decomposition Metabolism in Acinetobacter piscicola p38 Utilizing Biochemical and Omics Approaches" Microorganisms 12, no. 9: 1792. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms12091792

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