Functional Network Connectivity for Components of Depression-Related Psychological Fragility
Abstract
:1. Introduction
1.1. Resilience and Fragility
1.2. Neural Networks and Functional Connectivity
2. Materials and Methods
3. Results
3.1. Data
3.2. Alpha Band
3.3. Beta Band
3.4. Theta Band
4. Discussion
4.1. Theta
4.2. Alpha
4.3. Beta
4.4. Depression-Based Differences
4.5. The Depressed Group
4.6. The Non-Depressed Group
4.7. Limitations
4.8. Clinical Implications
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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CDRISC Factors | CDRISC Items |
---|---|
1: Personal competence, high standards, and tenacity | 10. I give my best effort no matter what |
11. I can achieve my goals | |
12. When things look hopeless, I don’t give up | |
16. I am not easily discouraged by failure | |
17. I think of myself as a strong person | |
23. I like challenges | |
24. I work to attain my goals | |
25. I have pride in my achievements | |
2: Trust in one’s instincts, tolerance of negative affect, and strengthening effects of stress | 6. I can see the humorous side of things |
7. I believe that coping with stress strengthens me | |
14. When I’m under pressure, I can focus and think clearly | |
15. I prefer to take the lead in problem solving | |
18. I make unpopular or difficult decisions | |
19. I can handle unpleasant feelings | |
20. I have to act on a hunch | |
3: Positive acceptance of change and secure relationships | 1. I am able to adapt to change |
2. I have close and secure relationships | |
4. I can deal with whatever comes | |
5. Past success gives me confidence for new challenges | |
8. I tend to bounce back after illness or hardship | |
4: Control | 13. I know where to turn for help |
21. I have a strong sense of purpose | |
22. I am in control of my life | |
5: Spiritual Influences | 3. Sometimes fate or God can help me |
9. Things happen for a reason |
Network | Location | MNI (X, Y, Z) |
---|---|---|
Default Mode Network | posterior cingulate | 0, −52, 27 |
medial prefrontal cortex | −1, 54, 27 | |
left lateral parietal lobule | −46, −66, 30 | |
right lateral parietal lobule | 49, −63, 33 | |
left inferior temporal lobule | −61, −24, −9 | |
right inferior temporal lobule | 58, −24, −9 | |
Central Executive Network | dorsal medial prefrontal cortex | 0, 24, 46 |
left anterior prefrontal cortex | −44, 45, 0 | |
right anterior prefrontal cortex | 44, 45, 0 | |
left superior parietal lobule | −50, −51, 45 | |
right superior parietal lobule | 50, −51, 45 | |
Salience Network | dorsal anterior cingulate | 0, −21, 36 |
left anterior prefrontal cortex | −35, 45, 30 | |
right anterior prefrontal cortex | 32, 45, 30 | |
left insula | −41, 3, 6 | |
right insula | 41, 3, 6 | |
left lateral parietal lobule | −62, −45, 30 | |
right lateral parietal lobule | 62, −45, 30 |
Resilience Factor | Group | Mean | SD | SEM | 5% Trimmed Mean |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | ND | 4.18 | 0.51 | 0.06 | 4.20 |
D | 3.28 | 0.66 | 0.12 | 3.27 | |
2 | ND | 3.63 | 0.39 | 0.05 | 3.64 |
D | 2.95 | 0.55 | 0.10 | 2.95 | |
3 | ND | 4.36 | 0.49 | 0.06 | 4.38 |
D | 3.25 | 0.75 | 0.13 | 3.25 | |
4 | ND | 4.09 | 0.67 | 0.08 | 4.13 |
D | 3.10 | 0.88 | 0.15 | 3.09 | |
5 | ND | 2.13 | 0.80 | 0.10 | 2.15 |
D | 2.05 | 0.84 | 0.15 | 2.06 |
Resilience Factor | Group Difference | 95% CI | t | p | Cohen’s d |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 0.899 | 0.66–1.14 | 7.4520 | <0.001 | 1.59 |
2 | 0.681 | 0.49–0.87 | 7.1460 | <0.001 | 1.52 |
3 | 1.11 | 0.86–1.36 | 8.8370 | <0.001 | 1.88 |
4 | 0.988 | 0.67–1.30 | 6.2350 | <0.001 | 1.33 |
5 | 0.084 | −0.26–0.43 | 0.4830 | 0.63 | 0.1 |
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Evans, I.D.; Sharpley, C.F.; Bitsika, V.; Vessey, K.A.; Jesulola, E.; Agnew, L.L. Functional Network Connectivity for Components of Depression-Related Psychological Fragility. Brain Sci. 2024, 14, 845. https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci14080845
Evans ID, Sharpley CF, Bitsika V, Vessey KA, Jesulola E, Agnew LL. Functional Network Connectivity for Components of Depression-Related Psychological Fragility. Brain Sciences. 2024; 14(8):845. https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci14080845
Chicago/Turabian StyleEvans, Ian D., Christopher F. Sharpley, Vicki Bitsika, Kirstan A. Vessey, Emmanuel Jesulola, and Linda L. Agnew. 2024. "Functional Network Connectivity for Components of Depression-Related Psychological Fragility" Brain Sciences 14, no. 8: 845. https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci14080845