Effect of Central Obesity and Hyperandrogenism on Selected Inflammatory Markers in Patients with PCOS: A WHtR-Matched Case-Control Study
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Experimental Section
2.1. Materials and Methods
2.2. Laboratory Tests
2.3. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Basic Characteristic of the Study groups
3.2. Complete Blood Count Parameters
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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H-WHtR PCOS (Group A) n = 92 | H-WHtR CON (Group B) n = 32 | p Value (A/B) | L-WHtR PCOS WHtR (Group C) n = 178 | L-WHtR CON (Group D) n = 93 | p Value (C/D) | p Value (A/C) | p Value (B/D) | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Age | 24.88 | 28.63 | 0.04 | 24.46 | 24.92 | NS | NS | NS |
(22.00–30.75) | (24.33–31.87) | (21.50–27.50) | (22.67–29.00) | |||||
Weight (kg) | 83.00 | 79.50 | NS | 61.00 | 59.00 | NS | <0.001 | <0.001 |
(76.50–96.00) | (71.50–88.25) | (55.50–67.00) | (54.50–64.00) | |||||
Height (cm) | 165.00 | 163.00 | NS | 168.00 | 168.00 | NS | 0.003 | 0.005 |
(161.00–170.00) | (160.75–170.0) | (164.00–172.00) | (165.00–171.00) | |||||
BMI (kg/m2) | 30.86 | 28.84 | NS | 21.80 | 20.90 | 0.014 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
(27.93–34.18) | (26.42–31.83) | (19.94–23.53) | (19.49–22.57) | |||||
WC (cm) | 95.00 | 89.50 | NS | 71.00 | 71.00 | NS | <0.001 | <0.001 |
(88.00–100.00) | (84.50–97.00) | (68.00–77.00) | (68.00–74.00) | |||||
HC (cm) | 102.00 | 98.50 | NS | 84.00 | 82.00 | NS | <0.001 | <0.001 |
(96.00–108.00) | (95.00–107.50) | (80.00–88.00) | (80.00–88.00) | |||||
WHR (–) | 0.93 | 0.92 | NS | 0.86 | 0.86 | NS | <0.001 | <0.001 |
(0.88–0.97) | (0.90–0.96) | (0.81–0.91) | (0.82–0.90) | |||||
WHtR (–) | 0.56 | 0.55 | NS | 0.43 | 0.42 | NS | <0.001 | <0.001 |
(0.53–0.61) | (0.51–0.60) | (0.41–0.46) | (0.40–0.45) |
H-WHtR PCOS (Group A) n = 92 | H-WHtR CON (Group B) n = 32 | p Value (A/B) | L-WHtR PCOS (Group C) n = 178 | L-WHtR CON (Group D) n = 93 | p Value (C/D) | p Value (A/C) | p Value (B/D) | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Glucose 0′ (mg/dL) | 90.00 | 90.50 | NS | 86.00 | 87.00 | NS | <0.001 | <0.001 |
(86.00–95.50) | (87.00–97.00) | (82.00–90.00) | (82.0–90.0) | |||||
Insulin 0′ (mIU/mL) | 15.91 | 12.73 | NS | 7.70 | 8.09 | NS | <0.001 | 0.001 |
(11.05–20.73) | (7.23–16.27) | (5.71–10.39) | (6.09–10.22) | |||||
HOMA-IR (–) | 3.24 | 3.11 | NS | 1.59 | 1.75 | NS | <0.001 | 0.001 |
(2.35–4.74) | (1.60–3.54) | (1.16–2.19) | (1.26–2.17) | |||||
Glucose 120′ (mg/dL) | 108.00 | 102.00 | NS | 90.00 | 93.00 | NS | <0.001 | NS |
(92.00–122.00) | (92.00–113.00) | (79.00–100.00) | (79.00–108.00) | |||||
Insulin 120′ (µIU/mL) | 58.44 | 47.50 | NS | 36.05 | 33.87 | NS | <0.001 | NS |
(37.05–113.00) | (28.76–67.25) | (5.71–10.40) | (24.25–50.43) | |||||
TC (mg/dL) | 183.50 | 179.00 | NS | 172.00 | 168.00 | NS | 0.045 | NS |
(165.00–206.50) | (164.0–195.0) | (157.0–185.0) | (150.0–189.0) | |||||
LDL-C (mg/dL) | 106.45 | 101.5 | NS | 86.70 | 81.40 | NS | <0.001 | <0.001 |
(83.75–125.80) | (87.90–119.00) | (71.20–100.30) | (69.60–95.10) | |||||
TG-C (mg/dL) | 98.50 | 95.00 | NS | 64.50 | 68.00 | NS | <0.001 | <0.001 |
(72.50–149.00) | (77.0–120.0) | (49.50–83.00) | (55.00–88.50) | |||||
HDL-C (mg/dL) | 55.00 | 56.00 | NS | 69.00 | 73.00 | NS | <0.001 | <0.001 |
(45.50–62.00) | (48.00–66.00) | (60.00–79.00) | (62.50–83.00) |
H-WHtR PCOS (Group A) n = 92 | H-WHtR CON (Group B) n = 32 | p Value (A/B) | L-WHtR PCOS (Group C) n = 178 | L-WHtR CON (Group D) n = 93 | p Value (C/D) | p Value (A/C) | p Value (B/D) | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
FSH (mIU/mL) | 6.00 | 5.25 | NS | 5.80 | 5.70 | NS | NS | NS |
(4.80–6.90) | (4.20–6.40) | (4.60–6.80) | (4.00–7.70) | |||||
LH (mIU/mL) | 8.30 | 5.50 | 0.009 | 9.30 | 6.40 | 0.006 | NS | NS |
(5.90–14.20) | (3.50–7.10) | (6.00–15.10) | (3.90–10.60) | |||||
DHEAS (µg/dL) | 327.50 | 293.00 | NS | 275.00 | 244.00 | NS | 0.002 | NS |
(254.00–423.00) | (203.00–379.00) | (202.00–360.0) | (172.00–323.00) | |||||
E2 (pg/mL) | 37.00 | 63.00 | 0.037 | 44.00 | 46.50 | NS | NS | NS |
(27.50–57.50) | (39.00–135.00) | (29.00–70.00) | (22.00–73.00) | |||||
T (nmol/L) | 1.70 | 1.30 | 0.010 | 1.60 | 1.10 | <0.001 | NS | NS |
(1.40–2.30) | (0.90–1.60) | (1.20–2.25) | (0.75–1.60) | |||||
SHBG (nmol/L) | 34.10 | 41.45 | NS | 64.50 | 74.65 | NS | <0.001 | <0.001 |
(25.90–51.30) | (31.60–58.10) | (49.5–91.60) | (52.25–159.75) | |||||
FTI (%) | 4.74 | 3.35 | 0.026 | 2.54 | 1.55 | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.004 |
(3.08–7.46) | (1.72–4.48) | (1.77–4.00) | (0.98–2.74) | |||||
A (ng/mL) | 4.01 | 3.27 | 0.048 | 3.99 | 3.04 | 0.005 | 0.523 | NS |
(2.96–5.02) | (2.29–4.10) | (2.95–5.30) | (2.27–4.39) | |||||
AMH (pmol/L) | 44.58 | 16.42 | <0.001 | 57.05 | 28.06 | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.014 |
(36.45–61.73) | (13.12–24.09) | (41.79–85.63) | (24.78–36.34) |
Criterion | All PCOS n = 270 | H-WHtR PCOS n = 92 | L-WHtR PCOS n = 178 |
---|---|---|---|
Acne | 155 (57.4%) | 48 (52.2%) | 107 (60.1%) |
Hirsutism | 150 (55.6%) | 58 (63.0%) | 92 (51.7%) |
Polycystic ovaries * | 211 (78.1%) | 73 (79.3%) | 138 (77.5%) |
H-WHtR PCOS (Group A) n = 92 | H-WHtR CON (Group B) n = 32 | p Value (A/B) | L-WHtR PCOS (Group C) n = 178 | L-WHtR CON (Group D) n = 93 | p Value (C/D) | p Value (A/C) | p Value (B/D) | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
hsCRP (mg/L) | 2.10 | 1.35 | NS | 0.50 | 0.70 | NS | <0.001 | NS |
(1.00–4.10) | (0.45–3.65) | (0.30–1.00) | (0.30–1.25) | |||||
WBC × 103/µL | 6.98 | 6.84 | NS | 5.75 | 5.53 | NS | <0.001 | <0.001 |
(5.99–8.27) | (4.87–9.86) | (4.80–6.71) | (4.74–6.80) | |||||
MHR (–) | 8.88 | 8.59 | NS | 5.85 | 6.34 | NS | <0.001 | <0.001 |
(6.80–11.72) | (7.72–10.63) | (4.78–7.41) | (5.12–8.26) | |||||
LMR (–) | 4.03 | 4.14 | NS | 4.52 | 4.11 | NS | 0.014 | NS |
(3.38–5.18) | (3.45–5.35) | (3.78–5.77) | (3.22–5.52) |
Parameter | PCOS | CON | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
WBC | LMR | MHR | WBC | LMR | MHR | |
r, p Value | r, p Value | r, p Value | r, p Value | r, p Value | r, p Value | |
Anthropometric Parameters | ||||||
Age | NS | NS | −0.170; 0.045 | NS | NS | NS |
Weight | 0.358; <0.001 | NS | 0.390; <0.001 | NS | NS | 0.529; 0.006 |
Height | NS | NS | NS | NS | NS | −0.405; 0.006 |
WC | 0.335; <0.001 | NS | 0.425; <0.001 | NS | NS | 0.610; 0.001 |
HC | 0.321; <0.001 | NS | 0.317; <0.001 | NS | NS | 0.580; 0.002 |
BMI | 0.369; <0.001 | NS | 0.452; <0.001 | NS | NS | 0.630; <0.001 |
WHR | 0.129; 0.035 | −0.127; <0.001 | 0.278; <0.001 | NS | NS | NS |
WHtR | 0.446; <0.001 | −0.128; 0.038 | 0.451; <0.001 | NS | NS | 0.652; <0.001 |
Inflammation Parameters | ||||||
WBC | NS | 0.615; <0.001 | NS | 0.778; <0.001 | ||
LMR | NS | −0.438; <0.001 | NS | −0.439; 0.028 | ||
MHR | 0.615; <0.001 | −0.438; <0.001 | 0.778;<0.001 | −0.439; 0.028 | ||
hsCRP | 0.373; <0.001 | NS | 0.399; <0.001 | NS | NS | NS |
Biochemical Parameters | ||||||
TC-C | NS | NS | −0.171; 0.007 | NS | 0.441; 0.027 | NS |
LDL-C | NS | NS | NS | NS | NS | NS |
TG-C | 0.328; <0.001 | NS | 0.436; <0.001 | NS | NS | NS |
HDL-C | −0.324; <0.001 | NS | −0.699; <0.001 | NS | NS | −0.738; <0.001 |
Glucose 0′ | 0.152; 0.011 | NS | 0.237; <0.001 | NS | NS | NS |
glucose 120′ | 0.174; 0.004 | NS | 0.241; <0.001 | NS | NS | 0.404; 0.045 |
insulin 0′ | 0.348; <0.001 | NS | 0.450; <0.001 | NS | NS | 0.440; 0.028 |
insulin 120′ | 0.258; <0.001 | NS | 0.320; <0.001 | 0.399; 0.048 | NS | 0.531; 0.006 |
HOMA-IR | 0.342; <0.001 | NS | 0.463; <0.001 | NS | NS | 0.472; 0.017 |
Hormonal Parameters | ||||||
FSH | −0.142; 0.019 | NS | −0.420; <0.001 | NS | NS | −0.396; 0.049 |
LH | NS | NS | NS | NS | NS | NS |
AMH | NS | NS | −0.213; 0.001 | NS | NS | NS |
DHEAS | 0.212; <0.001 | −0.183; 0.003 | 0.302; <0.001 | NS | NS | NS |
E2 | NS | NS | NS | 0.455; 0.022 | NS | NS |
T | 0.130; 0.031 | NS | 0.178; 0.005 | NS | NS | NS |
SHBG | −0.348; <0.001 | 0.161; 0.008 | −0.437; <0.001 | NS | NS | NS |
FTI | 0.361; <0.001 | −0.163; 0.008 | 0.445; <0.001 | NS | NS | NS |
A | NS | NS | NS | NS | NS | NS |
Model | R | R2 | Adjusted R2 | SEE | F Change | p Value |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1-PCOS * | 0.837 | 0.700 | 0.685 | 1.9107 | 46.931 | <0.001 |
2-CON * | 0.862 | 0.743 | 0.600 | 2.3363 | 5.203 | <0.001 |
Model 1—PCOS | Model 2—CON | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Predictor | β | Standard Error of β | t | p Value | β | Standard Error of β | t | p Value |
AMH (pmol/L) | −0.050 | 0.042 | −1.176 | 0.241 | 0.097 | 0.143 | 0.675 | 0.508 |
WHtR | 0.117 | 0.054 | 2.164 | 0.032 | 0.266 | 0.242 | 1.100 | 0.286 |
WBC × 103/µL | 0.442 | 0.045 | 9.760 | <0.001 | 0.470 | 0.147 | 3.194 | 0.005 |
LMR | −0.317 | 0.040 | −7.960 | <0.001 | −0.366 | 0.173 | −2.116 | 0.049 |
hsCRP (mg/L) | 0.004 | 0.041 | 0.086 | 0.931 | 0.219 | 0.162 | 1.349 | 0.194 |
TC-C (mg/dL) | −0.205 | 0.043 | −4.822 | <0.001 | −0.164 | 0.182 | −0.905 | 0.378 |
TG-C (md/dL) | 0.294 | 0.049 | 6.126 | <0.001 | 0.323 | 0.212 | 1.528 | 0.144 |
HOMA-IR | 0.016 | 0.055 | 0.286 | 0.775 | −0.014 | 0.302 | −0.045 | 0.965 |
DHEA-S (µg/dL) | 0.002 | 0.049 | 0.051 | 0.960 | 0.139 | 0.181 | 0.768 | 0.452 |
FTI (%) | 0.077 | 0.057 | 1.364 | 0.174 | −0.273 | 0.242 | −1.127 | 0.274 |
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Kałużna, M.; Człapka-Matyasik, M.; Wachowiak-Ochmańska, K.; Moczko, J.; Kaczmarek, J.; Janicki, A.; Piątek, K.; Ruchała, M.; Ziemnicka, K. Effect of Central Obesity and Hyperandrogenism on Selected Inflammatory Markers in Patients with PCOS: A WHtR-Matched Case-Control Study. J. Clin. Med. 2020, 9, 3024. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm9093024
Kałużna M, Człapka-Matyasik M, Wachowiak-Ochmańska K, Moczko J, Kaczmarek J, Janicki A, Piątek K, Ruchała M, Ziemnicka K. Effect of Central Obesity and Hyperandrogenism on Selected Inflammatory Markers in Patients with PCOS: A WHtR-Matched Case-Control Study. Journal of Clinical Medicine. 2020; 9(9):3024. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm9093024
Chicago/Turabian StyleKałużna, Małgorzata, Magdalena Człapka-Matyasik, Katarzyna Wachowiak-Ochmańska, Jerzy Moczko, Jolanta Kaczmarek, Adam Janicki, Katarzyna Piątek, Marek Ruchała, and Katarzyna Ziemnicka. 2020. "Effect of Central Obesity and Hyperandrogenism on Selected Inflammatory Markers in Patients with PCOS: A WHtR-Matched Case-Control Study" Journal of Clinical Medicine 9, no. 9: 3024. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm9093024