Synthesis and Cytotoxicity Studies on Ru and Rh Nanoparticles as Potential X-Ray Fluorescence Computed Tomography (XFCT) Contrast Agents
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Materials
2.2. Synthesis of Rh and Ru NPs
2.3. Characterization Methods
2.4. In Vitro Toxicity
2.5. XFCT Phantom Experiments
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Mechanism of NP Formation
3.2. Characterization of Crystallinity, and Surface Adsorbed Groups
3.3. Morphology, Surface Chemistry and Size Distribution Analysis of NPs
3.4. Cytotoxicity Studies
3.5. XFCT Phantom Demonstrations
4. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Sample | Precursor (mmol) | T (°C) | Reaction time (h) | PVP (mol) [MW] (kDa) |
---|---|---|---|---|
RuCl3·xH2O | ||||
Ru-1 | 0.2 | 160 | 1.5 | 0.004 [10] |
Ru-2 | 0.2 | 150 | 1.5 | 0.004 [55] |
Ru-3 | 0.1 | 150 | 1.5 | 0.004 [55] |
Ru-4 | 0.2 | 150 | 1.5 | 0.002 [55] |
Ru-5 | 0.2 | 140 | 1.5 | 0.004 [55] |
Ru-6 | 0.2 | 150 | 0.5 | 0.004 [55] |
RhCl3·xH2O | ||||
Rh-1 | 0.2 | 115 | 1.5 | 0.004 [10] |
Rh-2 | 0.2 | 115 | 1.5 | 0.004 [55] |
Rh-3 | 0.2 | 115 | 1.5 | 0.002 [55] |
Rh-4 | 0.2 | 150 | 1.5 | 0.004 [55] |
Sample | Particle Size, TEM (nm) | Particle Size (Volume)D-Average (nm)—[PdI] |
---|---|---|
Ru-1 | 1.61 | 104.2—[0.108] |
Ru-2 | 2.51 | 29.86—[0.247] |
Ru-3 | <1 | 47.86—[0.206] |
Ru-4 | 2.52 | 69.73—[0.097] |
Ru-5 | ~1.5 | 12.23—[0.211] |
Ru-6 | 1.58 | 33.42—[0.226] |
Rh-1 | 7.02 | 47.80—[0.271] |
Rh-2 | 6.06 | 25.71—[0.301] |
Rh-3 | 6.40 | 35.13—[0.214] |
Rh-4 | 8.74 | 29.09—[0.228] |
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Li, Y.; Shaker, K.; Svenda, M.; Vogt, C.; Hertz, H.M.; Toprak, M.S. Synthesis and Cytotoxicity Studies on Ru and Rh Nanoparticles as Potential X-Ray Fluorescence Computed Tomography (XFCT) Contrast Agents. Nanomaterials 2020, 10, 310. https://doi.org/10.3390/nano10020310
Li Y, Shaker K, Svenda M, Vogt C, Hertz HM, Toprak MS. Synthesis and Cytotoxicity Studies on Ru and Rh Nanoparticles as Potential X-Ray Fluorescence Computed Tomography (XFCT) Contrast Agents. Nanomaterials. 2020; 10(2):310. https://doi.org/10.3390/nano10020310
Chicago/Turabian StyleLi, Yuyang, Kian Shaker, Martin Svenda, Carmen Vogt, Hans M. Hertz, and Muhammet S. Toprak. 2020. "Synthesis and Cytotoxicity Studies on Ru and Rh Nanoparticles as Potential X-Ray Fluorescence Computed Tomography (XFCT) Contrast Agents" Nanomaterials 10, no. 2: 310. https://doi.org/10.3390/nano10020310