High-Temperature Oxidation Resistance of NiAl Intermetallic Formed In Situ by Thermal Spraying
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Experimental Procedure
2.1. Preparation of Specimen
2.2. Test Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Analysis of the Phase Change Process of Coating after Heat Treatment
3.1.1. The Phase Change Process of the Al/Ni Comparative Specimen
3.1.2. The Phase Change Process of Al/Ni Composite Coating on the Surface of Ti Substrate
3.2. Effect of Heating Temperature and Time on the Formation of the Phase and the Depth of Phase Change Reaction
3.2.1. Effect of Heating Time on the Formation of Phase
3.2.2. The Effect of Heating Time on the Depth of Phase Change Reaction
3.2.3. Effect of Heating Temperature on the Depth of Phase Change Reaction
3.3. Analysis of the Relevant Theories of In-Situ Formation of NiAl Intermetallic Compounds
3.4. Study of Oxidation Resistance
4. Conclusions
- After heating at 973 K, metallurgical reactions took place between the Al/Ni composite coating. The NiAl3, Ni2Al3, and NiAl intermetallics were formed in sequence in the diffusion region, which advanced to the Ti substrate. However, NiAl3 and Ni2Al3 were all or partly dissolved in liquid Al, while only the high melting point NiAl intermetallic could exist stably, and a region (composed of the NiAl phase) that had a certain thickness was finally formed.
- The thickness of the NiAl phase increased as the reaction time prolonged. The thickness of the NiAl phase was 20 µm after heating at 973 K for 2 h and the thickness of NiAl phase was 130 µm when the heating time was extended to 20 h.
- The higher the temperature, the easier the diffusion from the Al to the Ni coating; the 150 μm-thick Ni coating was penetrated by elemental Al after about 20 h at 973 K, whereas the same thickness of Ni coating was penetrated by elemental Al after only 10 h at 1073 K. When the reaction temperature was raised to 1173 K, the elemental Al not only penetrated the 150 μm-thick Ni coating, but also diffused into the Ti substrate after 10 h.
- After the heat treatment, a ragged wave-like morphology was exhibited in the diffusion front of Al and a small amount of elemental Ni in the diffusion region did not participate in the reaction. The growth of the NiAl intermetallic in the diffusion region of the Al/Ni/Ti specimen was obviously slower compared with the Al/Ni specimen. Furthermore, when the Al coating on the surface of the specimen was thinner, all the elemental Al diffused into the Ni coating in a short time and the thickness of diffusion reaction layer did not increase with the increasing reaction time after the Al coating was depleted. However, the elemental Al could not only penetrate the Ni coating, but also reached the surface of the Ti substrate when the Al coating was thick enough. TiAl intermetallics which were rich in Al were produced during the further reaction between elemental Al and Ti.
- The specimen after heat treatment had a better high-temperature oxidation resistance than the pure Ti substrate without coating, as a certain thickness of NiAl intermetallic phase was produced.
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Materials | Voltage/V | Current/A | Distance/mm | Feeding Powder Amount/(L·min−1) |
---|---|---|---|---|
Ni | 40 | 500 | 100 | 7 |
Materials | Voltage/V | Current/A | Atomization Compressed Air Supply Pressure/MPa | Distance/mm |
---|---|---|---|---|
Al | 31 | 180 | 0.6 | 150 |
Elements | A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Al | 76.31 | 62.52 | 42.32 | 60.02 | 41.62 | 0 | 61.83 | 42.73 | 59.05 | 41.60 |
Ni | 23.69 | 37.48 | 57.68 | 39.98 | 58.38 | 100 | 38.17 | 57.27 | 40.95 | 58.40 |
Specimens | 973 K/2 h | 973 K/5 h | 973 K/10 h | 973 K/20 h |
---|---|---|---|---|
Al/Ni | 80 | 110 | 160 | 250 |
Al/Ni/Ti | 20 | 40 | 80 | 130 |
Points | Al | Ti |
---|---|---|
A | 73.83 | 26.17 |
B | 65.00 | 35.00 |
C | 50.39 | 49.61 |
D | 22.14 | 77.86 |
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Jia, Q.; Li, D.; Li, S.; Zhang, Z.; Zhang, N. High-Temperature Oxidation Resistance of NiAl Intermetallic Formed In Situ by Thermal Spraying. Coatings 2018, 8, 292. https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings8080292
Jia Q, Li D, Li S, Zhang Z, Zhang N. High-Temperature Oxidation Resistance of NiAl Intermetallic Formed In Situ by Thermal Spraying. Coatings. 2018; 8(8):292. https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings8080292
Chicago/Turabian StyleJia, Qianqian, Deyuan Li, Shumei Li, Zhuang Zhang, and Nannan Zhang. 2018. "High-Temperature Oxidation Resistance of NiAl Intermetallic Formed In Situ by Thermal Spraying" Coatings 8, no. 8: 292. https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings8080292