Cellular Stress Pathways Are Linked to Acetamiprid-Induced Apoptosis in SH-SY5Y Neural Cells
Abstract
:Simple Summary
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Chemicals
2.2. Cell Culture Conditions and Treatments
2.3. MTT Assay
2.4. Oxidative Stress Parameters
2.4.1. Flow Cytometry
2.4.2. GSH Content Determination
2.4.3. TAS and TOS Analysis
2.5. Calcium Mobilization
2.6. ER Stress
2.7. Apoptosis/Necrosis
2.7.1. Flow Cytometry
2.7.2. Fluorescent Microscopic Imaging
2.8. mRNA Expression Levels of Apoptosis- and ER Stress-Related Genes
2.9. Western Blot Analysis of NF-κB and MAPK8
2.10. Protein Expression Levels of TNF-α
2.11. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Effects of ACE on Cell Viability in SH-SY5Y Cells
3.2. Effects of ACE on Oxidative Stress in SH-SY5Y Cells
3.3. Effects of ACE on Calcium Mobilization in SH-SY5Y Cells
3.4. Effects of ACE on Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress in SH-SY5Y Cells
3.5. Effects of ACE on Apoptosis and Necrosis in SH-SY5Y Cells
3.6. Effects of ACE on mRNA Expression Levels of Apoptosis and ER Stress Related Genes in SH-SY5Y Cells
3.7. Effects of ACE on Protein Expression Levels in SH-SY5Y Cells
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions Remarks
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Gene | Primer Sequences (5′–3′) | Ta | Reference |
---|---|---|---|
Bax | F: ACCAAgAAgCTgAgCgAgTATC R: ACAAAgATggTCACggTCTgCC | 60 | [25] |
Bcl-2 | F: TgTggCCCAgATAggCACCCAg R: ACTTCgCCgAgATgTCCAgCCAg | 65 | [25] |
p53 | F: AgAgTCTATAggCCCACCCC R: GCTCgACgCTAggATCTgAC | 61 | [25] |
MAPK8 | F: TTggAACACCATgTCCTgAA R: ATgTACgggTgTTggAgAgC | 57 | [26] |
NF-κB | F: CACTgCTCAggTCCACTgTC R: CTgTCACTATCCCggAgTTCA | 61 | [27] |
TNF-α | F: TTCTgTCTACTgAACTTgggggTgATCggTCC R: gTATgAgATAgCAAATCggCTgACggTgTggg | 60 | [28] |
CASP3 | F: gCTATTgTAggCggTTgT R: TgTTTCCCTgAggTTTgC | 53 | [25] |
CASP4 | F: AAgAgAAgCAACgTATggCAggAC R: ggACAAAgCTTgAgggCATCTgTA | 62 | [29] |
CASP9 | F: ACCAgAgATTCgCAAACCAg R: TCACCAAATCCTCCAgAACC | 57 | [30] |
β-actin | F: AACTACCTTCAACTCCAT R: TgATCTTgATCTTCATTgTg | 48 | [31] |
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Öztaş, E.; Kara, M.; Boran, T.; Bişirir, E.; Karaman, E.F.; Kaptan, E.; Özhan, G. Cellular Stress Pathways Are Linked to Acetamiprid-Induced Apoptosis in SH-SY5Y Neural Cells. Biology 2021, 10, 820. https://doi.org/10.3390/biology10090820
Öztaş E, Kara M, Boran T, Bişirir E, Karaman EF, Kaptan E, Özhan G. Cellular Stress Pathways Are Linked to Acetamiprid-Induced Apoptosis in SH-SY5Y Neural Cells. Biology. 2021; 10(9):820. https://doi.org/10.3390/biology10090820
Chicago/Turabian StyleÖztaş, Ezgi, Mehtap Kara, Tuğçe Boran, Enes Bişirir, Ecem Fatma Karaman, Engin Kaptan, and Gül Özhan. 2021. "Cellular Stress Pathways Are Linked to Acetamiprid-Induced Apoptosis in SH-SY5Y Neural Cells" Biology 10, no. 9: 820. https://doi.org/10.3390/biology10090820