The Mechanism of the Development and Maintenance of Sexual Dimorphism in the Dioecious Mulberry Plant (Morus alba)
Abstract
:Simple Summary
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Plant Materials
2.2. RNA Extraction and Illumina Sequencing
2.3. Quality Control of Transcriptome Data and Expression Analysis
2.4. RT-qPCR Verification
2.5. Analysis of Adaptive Evolution of Sex-Biased and Unbiased Genes
3. Results
3.1. Sequencing Quality Control and Reference Genome Mapping
3.2. Differentially Expressed Genes between Male and Female Flower Buds
3.3. Functional Annotation Associated with DEGs
3.4. Verification of DEGs via Real-Time Quantitative PCR
3.5. Evolution of Sex-Limited and Sex-Biased Expressed Genes
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Sample ID | Raw Reads | Clean Reads | Clean Bases | Error Rate | Q30 | GC% | Mapping Ratio |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
MBT-1 | 52,365,500 | 50,926,984 | 7.64 G | 0.03 | 93.12 | 44.31 | 64.6 |
MBT-2 | 44,385,448 | 41,784,712 | 6.27 G | 0.03 | 93.55 | 42.81 | 58.4 |
MBT-3 | 49,325,358 | 46,960,136 | 7.04 G | 0.03 | 92.19 | 40.73 | 72.8 |
FY20-1 | 56,900,778 | 54,807,454 | 8.22 G | 0.03 | 92.27 | 44.23 | 55.8 |
FY20-2 | 48,518,050 | 47,476,836 | 7.12 G | 0.03 | 93.46 | 44.66 | 66.9 |
FY20-3 | 54,147,582 | 52,488,884 | 7.87 G | 0.03 | 92.38 | 43.44 | 68.5 |
Gene ID | Gene Description | Gene ID | Gene Description |
---|---|---|---|
Female-Biased | Male-Biased | ||
21400326 | auxin-responsive protein IAA32 | 21398828 | stamen-specific protein FIL 1 |
21407698 | auxin transporter-like protein 2 | 21393606 | probable aminotransferase TAT2 |
21402398 | auxin-induced protein AUX22 | 21396084 | pollen-specific leucine-rich repeat extension-like protein 3 |
21400361 | auxin efflux carrier component 3 | 21401585 | pollen receptor-like kinase 1 |
21399379 | auxin-responsive protein IAA4 | 21391819 | vesicle-associated protein 2-2 |
21406640 | protein eceriferum 2C transcript variant X2 | 21394915 | alcohol dehydrogenase-like 2C transcript variant X1 |
21390461 | protein PIN-LIKES | 21387539 | PHD finger protein male sterility1 |
21400414 | transcriptional regulator SUPERMAN | 21408700 | transcription factor DYT1 |
21397544 | auxin response factor 2C transcript variant X1 | 21387503 | plant UBX domain-containing protein 2 |
21387910 | nudix hydrolase 2C transcript variant X2 | 21390125 | endoglucanase 2C transcript variant X1 |
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Shi, Y.; Ackah, M.; Amoako, F.K.; Zhao, M.; van der Puije, G.C.; Zhao, W. The Mechanism of the Development and Maintenance of Sexual Dimorphism in the Dioecious Mulberry Plant (Morus alba). Biology 2024, 13, 622. https://doi.org/10.3390/biology13080622
Shi Y, Ackah M, Amoako FK, Zhao M, van der Puije GC, Zhao W. The Mechanism of the Development and Maintenance of Sexual Dimorphism in the Dioecious Mulberry Plant (Morus alba). Biology. 2024; 13(8):622. https://doi.org/10.3390/biology13080622
Chicago/Turabian StyleShi, Yisu, Michael Ackah, Frank Kwarteng Amoako, Mengdi Zhao, Grace C. van der Puije, and Weiguo Zhao. 2024. "The Mechanism of the Development and Maintenance of Sexual Dimorphism in the Dioecious Mulberry Plant (Morus alba)" Biology 13, no. 8: 622. https://doi.org/10.3390/biology13080622