Pathological Role of High Sugar in Mitochondrial Respiratory Chain Defect-Augmented Mitochondrial Stress
Abstract
:Simple Summary
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. NARP Cells (Cybrids) and Parental 143B Cells
2.2. Measurement of Cell Viability Using the MTT Assay
2.3. Preparation of the Cells for Imaging
2.4. Chemical and Fluorescent Dye Loading for Fluorescence Measurement of Mitochondrial Events
2.5. Imaging Analysis of Living Cells
2.6. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Assessing Cell Viability under Different Stress Conditions
3.2. Determining the Toxicity of High Glucose and Mitochondrial Calcium [Ca2+]m Overload on 143B Cells and NARP Cybrids
3.3. Depicting How Mitochondrial Calcium Overload [Ca2+]m Modulates High Glucose Toxicity on Respiratory Chain Defect-Augmented Mitochondrial Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) Production and Membrane Potential (ΔΨ) Depolarization in Parental 143B Cells and NARP Cybrids
3.4. Depicting How Mitochondrial Calcium Overload [Ca2+]m Modulates High Glucose Toxicity on Respiratory Chain Defect-Augmented Mitochondrial Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) Production and Membrane Potential (ΔΨ) Depolarization in Parental 143B Cells and NARP Cybrids under Antioxidant Conditions
3.5. Demonstrating How Mitochondrial Calcium Overload Modulates High Glucose Toxicity on Respiratory Chain Defect-Augmented Mitochondrial Cardiolipin (CL) Remodeling and Calcium (Ca2+) Homeostasis in Parental 143B Cells and NARP Cybrids under Ca2+-Treated Hepex Conditions
3.6. Investigation of How High Glucose Augments Respiratory Chain Defect-Augmented Mitochondrial Permeability Transition Pore (MPTP), Including Transient (t-MPT) and Permanent (p-MPT), on Parental 143B Cells and NARP Cybrids
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Cham, E.D.; Peng, T.-I.; Jou, M.-J. Pathological Role of High Sugar in Mitochondrial Respiratory Chain Defect-Augmented Mitochondrial Stress. Biology 2024, 13, 639. https://doi.org/10.3390/biology13080639
Cham ED, Peng T-I, Jou M-J. Pathological Role of High Sugar in Mitochondrial Respiratory Chain Defect-Augmented Mitochondrial Stress. Biology. 2024; 13(8):639. https://doi.org/10.3390/biology13080639
Chicago/Turabian StyleCham, Ebrima D., Tsung-I Peng, and Mei-Jie Jou. 2024. "Pathological Role of High Sugar in Mitochondrial Respiratory Chain Defect-Augmented Mitochondrial Stress" Biology 13, no. 8: 639. https://doi.org/10.3390/biology13080639