Analysis of Metabolic Profiles and Antioxidant Activity of Chinese Cordyceps, Ophiocordyceps sinensis, and Paecilomyces hepiali Based on Untargeted Metabolomics
Abstract
:Simple Summary
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Materials
2.2. Untargeted Metabolomics Profiling
2.2.1. QC Sample Preparation and Metabolites Extraction
2.2.2. LC-MS/MS Condition
2.2.3. Mass Spectrum Condition
2.2.4. Data Processing
2.3. Determination of Antioxidant Activity
2.3.1. Determination of DPPH Free Radical Scavenging Ability
2.3.2. Determination of FRAP Total Antioxidant Capacity
2.3.3. Determination of Hydroxyl Free Radical Scavenging Ability
2.3.4. Determination of Superoxide Anion Radical Scavenging Capacity
2.4. Statistical Analyses
3. Results
3.1. Metabolite Profiles Analysis
3.2. Screening of Differential Metabolites (DMs)
3.3. DMs Cluster Analysis
3.4. Correlation Analysis
3.5. KEGG Pathway Analysis
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
Abbreviations
VC | Ascorbic acid |
GL | Chinese cordyceps |
CUR | Curtain gas |
CAMERA | Collection of Algorithms of MEtabolite pRofile Annotation |
DMs | Differential metabolites |
DNA | Deoxyribonucleic acid |
DP | Declustering potential |
EDTA | Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid |
FRAP | FRAP total antioxidant capacity |
HCA | Hierarchical Cluster Analysis |
•OH | Hydroxyl free radical scavenging capacity |
HMDB | Human Metabolome Database |
LC-MS/MS | High-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry |
ITS | Internal Transcribed Spacer |
ISVF | IonSapary Voltage Floating |
IDA | Information-dependent acquisition |
KNN | K-Nearest Neighbor |
KEGG | Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes database |
R2Y | Model (for Y-variable dataset) Interpretability |
Q2 | Model predictability |
R2 | Model Interpretability |
ESI− | Negative Electrospray Ionization |
OPLS-DA | Orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis |
BL | Ophiocordyceps sinensis (O. sinensis) |
JSB | Paecilomyces hepiali (P. hepiali) |
PVP | Polyvinyl pyrrolidone |
PCA | Principal Component Analysis |
ESI+ | Positive Electrospray Ionization |
PC1 | Principal Component 1 |
PC2 | Principal Component 2 |
QC | Quality control |
RAPD | Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA |
ROS | Reactive oxygen species |
O2•− | Superoxide anion radical scavenging capacity |
TIC | Total ion chromatograms |
UHPLC | Ultra-high performance liquid chromatography |
VIP | Variable importance |
DPPH• | 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging ability |
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Number | Species | Origin | Weight |
---|---|---|---|
GL | Chinese Cordyceps | Guoluo Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, Qinghai Province | 2 g |
BL | Ophiocordyceps sinensis | Hangzhou Zhongmei Huadong Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. (Hangzhou, China) | 2 g |
JSB | Paecilomyces hepiali | Jiangxi Jinshui Bao Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. (Nanchang, China) | 2 g |
Time (min) | Mobile Phase B |
---|---|
0–0.5 | 95% |
0.5–7 | 65% |
7–8 | 40% |
8–9 | 40% |
9–9.1 | 95% |
9.1–12 | 95% |
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He, M.; Tang, C.-Y.; Wang, T.; Xiao, M.-J.; Li, Y.-L.; Li, X.-Z. Analysis of Metabolic Profiles and Antioxidant Activity of Chinese Cordyceps, Ophiocordyceps sinensis, and Paecilomyces hepiali Based on Untargeted Metabolomics. Biology 2024, 13, 683. https://doi.org/10.3390/biology13090683
He M, Tang C-Y, Wang T, Xiao M-J, Li Y-L, Li X-Z. Analysis of Metabolic Profiles and Antioxidant Activity of Chinese Cordyceps, Ophiocordyceps sinensis, and Paecilomyces hepiali Based on Untargeted Metabolomics. Biology. 2024; 13(9):683. https://doi.org/10.3390/biology13090683
Chicago/Turabian StyleHe, Min, Chu-Yu Tang, Tao Wang, Meng-Jun Xiao, Yu-Ling Li, and Xiu-Zhang Li. 2024. "Analysis of Metabolic Profiles and Antioxidant Activity of Chinese Cordyceps, Ophiocordyceps sinensis, and Paecilomyces hepiali Based on Untargeted Metabolomics" Biology 13, no. 9: 683. https://doi.org/10.3390/biology13090683