Characterization of G-Quadruplexes Folding/Unfolding Dynamics and Interactions with Proteins from Single-Molecule Force Spectroscopy
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Single-Molecule Force Spectroscopy for the Investigation of G-Quadruplexes
2.1. Single-Molecule Force Spectroscopy
2.2. Thermodynamics and Kinetics of G4s Obtained from Single-Molecule Force Spectroscopy
2.3. Folding/Unfolding Dynamics and Polymorphism of G4s
3. Single-Molecule Force Spectroscopy Reveals the Interactions between Proteins and G4s
Function | Proteins 1 | Bind G4s | Promote G4s | Stabilize G4s | Unwind G4s | Structure 2 (PDB) | Reference |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Telomere | Telomerase 3 | ✓ | ✓ | [73,130] | |||
RAP1 | ✓ | ✓ | 6LDM | [131,132,133] | |||
TEBP-β | ✓ | ✓ | 1JB7 | [128,134,135,136] | |||
POT1-TPP1 | ✓ | ✓ | [69,137,138,139] | ||||
RPA | ✓ | ✓ | [69,123,140] | ||||
ATRX | ✓ | [141] | |||||
hnRNP A1 | ✓ | ✓ | [142,143] | ||||
hnRNP A2 | ✓ | ✓ | [144,145] | ||||
Transcription | Nucleolin | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | [146,147] | ||
NM23-H2 | ✓ | ✓ | [148] | ||||
CNBP | ✓ | ✓ | [149] | ||||
LARK | ✓ | ✓ | [150] | ||||
MAZ | ✓ | ✓ | [151] | ||||
hnRNP A1 | ✓ | ✓ | [143] | ||||
YY1 | ✓ | [152] | |||||
DNA repair | PARP1 | ✓ | [153,154] | ||||
Replication | RPA | ✓ | ✓ | [125] | |||
Helicase | Pif1 | ✓ | ✓ | [155] | |||
FANCJ | ✓ | ✓ | [72,125,156] | ||||
BLM | ✓ | ✓ | [157] | ||||
WRN | ✓ | ✓ | [158,159,160] | ||||
DHX36 (RHAU) | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | 5VHE | [63,161,162] | ||
Viral protein | HIV-1 NCp | ✓ | ✓ | [163] | |||
Nsp3 | ✓ | [126,127] | |||||
Others | Topo I | ✓ | ✓ | [164] | |||
BG4 antibody | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | [64] | |||
thrombin | ✓ | ✓ | 1HAO | [105,165,166] |
3.1. G4 Resolving/Unwinding Proteins
3.2. G4 Chaperone and G4 Stabilizer
3.3. The Effects of G4s on DNA and RNA Polymerases
4. Conclusions and Future Perspectives
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Cheng, Y.; Zhang, Y.; You, H. Characterization of G-Quadruplexes Folding/Unfolding Dynamics and Interactions with Proteins from Single-Molecule Force Spectroscopy. Biomolecules 2021, 11, 1579. https://doi.org/10.3390/biom11111579
Cheng Y, Zhang Y, You H. Characterization of G-Quadruplexes Folding/Unfolding Dynamics and Interactions with Proteins from Single-Molecule Force Spectroscopy. Biomolecules. 2021; 11(11):1579. https://doi.org/10.3390/biom11111579
Chicago/Turabian StyleCheng, Yuanlei, Yashuo Zhang, and Huijuan You. 2021. "Characterization of G-Quadruplexes Folding/Unfolding Dynamics and Interactions with Proteins from Single-Molecule Force Spectroscopy" Biomolecules 11, no. 11: 1579. https://doi.org/10.3390/biom11111579