Nematicidal Potential of Thymol against Meloidogyne javanica (Treub) Chitwood
Abstract
:1. Introduction
- Assessment of the nematicidal and nematostatic activity of thymol on M. javanica J2s.
- Evaluation of thymol’s inhibition effect on undifferentiated eggs.
- Analysis of the hatch inhibition activity of thymol on egg masses.
- Examination of the contact and vapor activity of thymol in nematode-infested soil.
- Analysis of the effect of sublethal concentrations of thymol on the infectivity of M. javanica.
2. Results
2.1. Nematode Motility Bioassays
2.1.1. Nematicidal Activity
2.1.2. Nematostatic Activity
2.1.3. Effect of Thymol on Egg Development
2.1.4. Effect of Thymol on Egg Hatching from Egg Masses
2.1.5. Contact and Vapor Effect of Thymol against M. javanica
2.1.6. Sublethal Effect of Thymol on J2s Invasion (Pot Experiment)
3. Discussion
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. Nematode Cultures
4.2. Nematode Motility Bioassays
4.2.1. Nematicidal Activity
4.2.2. Nematostatic Activity
4.3. Effect of Thymol on Egg Development
4.4. Effect of Thymol on Egg Hatching from Egg Masses
4.5. Contact and Vapor Effect of Thymol against M. javanica
4.6. Sublethal Doses Effect of Thymol on Juvenile Invasion (Pot Experiment)
4.7. Statistical Analysis
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Dose (μL/L) | Exposure Time (hours) | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
12 | 24 | 48 | 96 | |
Paralyzed J2s (%) | Paralyzed J2s (%) | Paralyzed J2s (%) | Paralyzed J2s (%) | |
0 | 0 d | 0.18 f | 1.1 f | 2.0 f |
62.5 | 0.4 d | 1.6 e | 5.1 e | 10.0 e |
125 | 0.6 d | 5.7 d | 9.1 d | 15.2 d |
250 | 14.2 c | 13.9 c | 16.5 c | 31.5 c |
500 | 23.5 b | 39.7 b | 71.8 b | 96.4 b |
1000 | 81.2 a | 98.0 a | 100 a | 100 a |
Concentration (μL/L) | Exposure Time (21 Days) |
---|---|
Eggs Differentiation (%) | |
0 | 92.2 a 1 |
62.5 | 84.1 ab |
125 | 81.2 bc |
250 | 74.9 c |
500 | 75.0 c |
1000 | 60.4 d |
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Nasiou, E.; Giannakou, I.O. Nematicidal Potential of Thymol against Meloidogyne javanica (Treub) Chitwood. Plants 2023, 12, 1851. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants12091851
Nasiou E, Giannakou IO. Nematicidal Potential of Thymol against Meloidogyne javanica (Treub) Chitwood. Plants. 2023; 12(9):1851. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants12091851
Chicago/Turabian StyleNasiou, Eleni, and Ioannis O. Giannakou. 2023. "Nematicidal Potential of Thymol against Meloidogyne javanica (Treub) Chitwood" Plants 12, no. 9: 1851. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants12091851