Nutritional Profile of the Ethiopian Oilseed Crop Noug (Guizotia abyssinica Cass.): Opportunities for Its Improvement as a Source for Human Nutrition
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Plant Material and Field Experiments
2.2. Materials and Chemicals Used for the Determination of Nutrients in Noug Seeds
2.3. Lipid Extraction, Methylation of Fatty Acids, and Gas Chromatography (GC) Analysis
2.4. Determination of the Protein Content
2.5. Analysis of the Mineral Contents
2.6. Statistical Analysis
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Quantity and Quality of Lipids
3.2. Protein Concentration in Noug Seeds
3.3. Content of Mineral Elements
3.4. Variation in Oil Content, Fatty Acids, Seed Protein Concentration, and Minerals across Genotypes and Locations
3.5. Nutritional Value of Noug in Comparison with Other Oilseed Crops
4. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Genotype | Total Lipid Content | Linoleic Acid | Oleic Acid | Palmitic Acid | Stearic Acid | Altitude of Origin (Masl) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
NG-83 b | 39.8 ± 1.6 | 75.4 ± 1.0 | 6.4 ± 0.6 | 9.5 ± 0.3 | 7.7 ± 0.5 | na |
NG-84 b | 41.2 ± 1.6 | 73.2 ± 1.0 | 8.3 ± 0.6 | 8.6 ± 0.3 | 8.1 ± 0.5 | na |
NG-85 a | 32.5 ± 2.7 | 76.9 ± 1.0 | 6.7 ± 1.1 | 8.6 ± 0.5 | 7.4 ± 0.9 | 1740 |
NG-86 a | 38.1 ± 1.6 | 74.0 ± 1.0 | 6.6 ± 0.6 | 9.5 ± 0.3 | 9.5 ± 0.5 | 1830 |
NG-87 a | 36.0 ± 1.6 | 75.4 ± 1.0 | 5.2 ± 0.6 | 9.6 ± 0.3 | 9.3 ± 0.5 | 1540 |
NG-88 a | 35.5 ± 2.7 | 77.2 ± 1.7 | 6.2 ± 1.1 | 8.5 ± 0.5 | 7.6 ± 0.9 | 1680 |
NG-89 a | 38.1 ± 1.6 | 75.3 ± 1.0 | 7.1 ± 0.6 | 9.0 ± 0.3 | 8.8 ± 0.5 | 1890 |
NG-90 a | 38.7 ± 1.6 | 75.7 ± 1.0 | 6.9 ± 0.6 | 8.5 ± 0.3 | 8.5 ± 0.5 | 2440 |
NG-91 a | 38.5 ± 1.9 | 76.0 ± 1.2 | 7.4 ± 0.8 | 8.4 ± 0.4 | 7.6 ± 0.6 | 1890 |
NG-92 b | 44.4 ± 1.9 | 76.5 ± 1.2 | 6.9 ± 0.8 | 8.6 ± 0.4 | 7.6 ± 0.6 | 1860 |
NG-93 a | 36.4 ± 1.9 | 77.8 ± 1.2 | 5.5 ± 0.8 | 8.0 ± 0.4 | 8.1 ± 0.6 | 2425 |
NG-94 a | 34.5 ± 1.9 | 77.2 ± 1.2 | 5.9 ± 0.8 | 8.6 ± 0.4 | 8.3 ± 0.6 | 1920 |
NG-95 a | 39.0 ± 1.6 | 74.8 ± 1.0 | 7.6 ± 0.6 | 8.3 ± 0.3 | 9.0 ± 0.5 | 1968 |
NG-96 a | 36.8 ± 2.7 | 77.3 ± 1.7 | 6.2 ± 1.1 | 8.6 ± 0.5 | 7.3 ± 0.9 | 1820 |
NG-97 a | 39.3 ± 1.6 | 77.2 ± 1.0 | 6.6 ± 0.6 | 8.7 ± 0.3 | 7.4 ± 0.5 | 1640 |
NG-98 a | 39.2 ± 1.6 | 75.4 ± 1.0 | 7.0 ± 0.6 | 8.4 ± 0.3 | 8.5 ± 0.5 | 1590 |
NG-99 b | 45.7 ± 1.9 | 76.4 ± 1.0 | 7.1 ± 0.8 | 8.3 ± 0.4 | 8.5 ± 0.6 | 2460 |
NG-101 b | 40.0 ± 1.9 | 75.4 ± 1.2 | 6.8 ± 0.8 | 8.9 ± 0.4 | 8.5 ± 0.6 | 2400 |
NG-102 a | 37.0 ± 1.9 | 74.7 ± 1.2 | 7.7 ± 0.8 | 8.7 ± 0.4 | 8.2 ± 0.6 | 2430 |
NG-103 a | 35.4 ± 1.9 | 75.2 ± 1.2 | 7.0 ± 0.8 | 8.5 ± 0.4 | 9.2 ± 0.6 | 2045 |
NG-105 a | 34.9 ± 1.6 | 76.4 ± 0.2 | 6.4 ± 0.6 | 8.3 ± 0.3 | 8.3 ± 0.5 | 1400 |
NG-106 a | 37.8 ± 1.6 | 76.3 ± 1.0 | 7.3 ± 0.6 | 8.5 ± 0.3 | 8.3 ± 0.5 | 1840 |
NG-107 b | 40.7 ± 1.9 | 76.3 ± 1.2 | 6.5 ± 0.8 | 7.9 ± 0.4 | 8.8 ± 0.6 | 1945 |
NG-108 a | 33.6 ± 1.6 | 75.5 ± 1.0 | 6.9 ± 0.6 | 9.0 ± 0.3 | 8.3 ± 0.5 | 1440 |
NG-109 a | 33.1 ± 1.6 | 74.9 ± 1.0 | 6.8 ± 0.6 | 9.0 ± 0.3 | 8.8 ± 0.5 | 1400 |
NG-111 b | 39.4 ± 1.9 | 75.8 ± 1.2 | 7.4 ± 0.8 | 8.8 ± 0.4 | 7.2 ± 0.6 | 2590 |
NG-112 a | 35.7 ± 1.9 | 76.4 ± 1.2 | 6.4 ± 0.8 | 8.3 ± 0.4 | 8.2 ± 0.6 | 2155 |
NG-113 a | 37.2 ± 1.6 | 72.3 ± 1.0 | 9.2 ± 0.6 | 7.8 ± 0.3 | 10.0 ± 0.5 | 2210 |
NG-114 b | 35.6 ± 1.6 | 75.2 ± 1.0 | 7.1 ± 0.6 | 9.0 ± 0.3 | 8.5 ± 0.5 | na |
NG-115 a | 41.4 ± 1.6 | 77.2 ± 1.0 | 7.1 ± 0.6 | 8.4 ± 0.3 | 7.8 ± 0.5 | 1700 |
NG-117 b | 43.7 ± 1.9 | 76.6 ± 1.2 | 6.1 ± 0.8 | 8.8 ± 0.4 | 8.3 ± 0.6 | 2210 |
NG-118 a | 39.2 ± 1.9 | 76.2 ± 1.2 | 6.6 ± 0.8 | 8.5 ± 0.4 | 8.1 ± 0.6 | 2540 |
NG-119 a | 35.5 ± 2.7 | 74.5 ± 1.2 | 7.5 ± 1.1 | 8.8 ± 0.5 | 9.3 ± 0.9 | 2370 |
NG-120 a | 39.2 ± 1.6 | 75.5 ± 1.0 | 6.7 ± 0.6 | 8.6 ± 0.3 | 8.9 ± 0.5 | 2005 |
NG-121 a | 37.8 ± 1.6 | 75.3 ± 1.0 | 7.0 ± 0.6 | 8.4 ± 0.3 | 8.8 ± 0.5 | 1650 |
NG-122 a | 32.8 ± 2.7 | 75.9 ± 1.7 | 6.3 ± 1.1 | 8.8 ± 0.5 | 8.9 ± 0.9 | 1790 |
NG-123 a | 38.1 ± 1.6 | 75.7 ± 1.0 | 6.9 ± 0.6 | 8.5 ± 0.3 | 8.5 ± 0.5 | 1600 |
NG-124 b | 39.1 ± 1.6 | 75.9 ± 1.0 | 6.4 ± 0.6 | 8.7 ± 0.3 | 8.1 ± 0.5 | na |
EST c | 34.5 ± 2.7 | 73.5 ± 1.7 | 8.2 ± 1.1 | 8.6 ± 0.5 | 9.8 ± 0.9 | na |
EVE c | 35.9 ± 1.6 | 75.2 ± 1.0 | 7.5 ± 0.6 | 8.7 ± 0.3 | 8.6 ± 0.5 | na |
FOG c | 34.3 ± 1.6 | 77.4 ± 1.0 | 5.8 ± 0.6 | 8.5 ± 0.3 | 7.7 ± 0.5 | na |
GIN c | 37.4 ± 1.6 | 75.4 ± 1.0 | 6.3 ± 0.6 | 9.0 ± 0.3 | 8.8 ± 0.5 | na |
KUY c | 37.6 ± 1.6 | 76.5 ± 1.0 | 6.6 ± 0.6 | 8.6 ± 0.3 | 8.0 ± 0.5 | na |
LVE c | 33.0 ± 1.6 | 76.0 ± 1.0 | 6.2 ± 0.6 | 8.4 ± 0.3 | 8.9 ± 0.5 | na |
SHA c | 34.6 ± 1.6 | 76.3 ± 1.0 | 6.2 ± 0.6 | 8.5 ± 0.3 | 8.3 ± 0.5 | na |
Source of Variation | DF † | Total Lipid Content | Linoleic Acid | Oleic Acid | Palmitic Acid | Stearic Acid |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Environment (E) | 2 | 29.6 *** | 32.7 *** | 38.7 *** | ns | 20.5 *** |
Genotype (G) | 44 | 2.7 *** | ns | ns | ns | ns |
G × E | 44 | 2.3 *** | 1.4 *** | 4.0 *** | 1.4 * | 4.1 *** |
Source of Variation | DF † | Protein (101) | Minerals | |||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
B (101) | Ca (105) | Cu (101) | Fe (105) | K (107) | Mg (106) | Mn (104) | Na (102) | P (106) | S (106) | Se (10−3) | Zn (102) | |||
Location | 1 | 8.2 * | 0.6 | 0.7 | 0.1 | 4.9 * | 2.1 *** | 5.1 ** | 1.5 *** | 0.4 | 2.3 | 1.2 *** | 4.9 *** | 2.1 * |
Genotype | 35 | 0.6 | 1.3 | 1.9 | 4.2 | 0.9 | 0.1 ** | 0.6 | 0.00 | 0.7 | 0.8 | 0.0 | 0.2 | 0.2 |
Error | 35 | 0.4 | 1.6 | 1.5 | 3.6 | 0.9 | 0.0 | 0.6 | 0.00 | 1.4 | 1.3 | 0.0 | 0.2 | 0.4 |
Location | N | Protein | Minerals | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Fe | K | Mg | Mn | S | Se | Zn | |||
Holeta | 36 | 25.4 b | 347 a | 9254 a | 4080 a | 46.8 a | 3253 a | 0.043 a | 45.0 b |
Ginchi | 36 | 27.5 a | 181 b | 8170 b | 3547 b | 18.0 b | 3000 b | 0.027 b | 48.4 a |
Oilseeds | Total Lipid Content (%) | Fatty Acids (%) | Protein mg/g | Fe mg/100 g | Zn mg/100 g | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Common Name | Scientific Name | Linoleic Acid | Oleic Acid | Palmitic Acid | Stearic Acid | (101) | |||
Noug | Guizotia abyssinica | 32.5–45.7 a | 72.2–77.8 a | 5.2–8.3 a | 7.8–9.6 a | 7.2–10.0 a | 24.4–27.5 a | 1.2–12.5 a | 2.0–5.3 a |
Sunflower | Helianthus annuus | 20.5–23.9 [54] | 32.2–54.3 [54] | 31.9–56.9 [54] | 6.6–6.8 [54] | 4.0–4.1 [54] | 10.0–27.1 [55] | 0.5–0.7 [49] | 5.0–7.6 [49] |
Sesame | Sesamum indicum | 49.5–51.3 [25] | 41.0–45.0 [25] | 39.5–43.0 [25] | 8.4–10.3 [25] | 4.5–5.8 [25] | 23.1–25.2 [56] | 9.3 [50] | 3.8 [50] |
Safflower | Carthamus tinctorium | 36.0–41.0 [57] | 74.6–78.2 [57] | 11.2–14.2 [57] | 6.0–6.7 [57] | 2.0–2.6 [57] | 17.6–18.1 [58] | 3.5–4.0 [59] | 1.5–2.1 [59] |
Groundnut | Arachis hypogae | 44.4–47.6 [60] | 28.3–37.8 [60] | 42.7–53.1 [60] | 8.4–12.5 [60] | 1.9–3.9 [60] | 25.8 [61] | 2.3 [51] | 3.3 [51] |
Mustard | Brassica carinata | 39.8–46.4 [28] | 17.3–19.9 [28] | 10.6–12.1 [28] | 3.0–3.7 [28] | 1.4–2.3 [28] | 32.4–36.4 [62] | 1.3 [63] | 0.07 [63] |
Flaxseed | Linum usitatissimum | 30.0–45.8 [25] | 10.0–17.4 [25] | 11.3–29.4 [25] | 4.3–12.3 [25] | 1.9–6.3 [25] | 20.0–30.0 [64] | 2.7 [52] | 4.0 [52] |
Soybean | Glycine max | 20.0–22.0 [65] | 50.0–60.0 [65] | 22.0–25.0 [65] | 7.0–10.0 [65] | 2.0–5.0 [65] | 37.3–40.6 [66] | 7.1–8.2 [67] | 4.2–11.7 [67] |
Cottonseed | Gossypium spp. | 17.5–27.0 [25] | 50.5–55.0 [25] | 20.0–25.0 [25] | 2.0–2.5 [25] | 2.5–3.3 [25] | 34.2–46.3 [68] | 12.0 [53] | 6.1 [53] |
Castor bean | Ricinus communsis | 61.6–72.3 [69] | 3.5–4.5 [69] | 2.9–3.6 [69] | 1.1–1.3 [69] | 0.9–1.2 [69] | 21–48 [70] | 17.0 [71] | 13.0 [71] |
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Tsehay, S.; Ortiz, R.; Geleta, M.; Bekele, E.; Tesfaye, K.; Johansson, E. Nutritional Profile of the Ethiopian Oilseed Crop Noug (Guizotia abyssinica Cass.): Opportunities for Its Improvement as a Source for Human Nutrition. Foods 2021, 10, 1778. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods10081778
Tsehay S, Ortiz R, Geleta M, Bekele E, Tesfaye K, Johansson E. Nutritional Profile of the Ethiopian Oilseed Crop Noug (Guizotia abyssinica Cass.): Opportunities for Its Improvement as a Source for Human Nutrition. Foods. 2021; 10(8):1778. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods10081778
Chicago/Turabian StyleTsehay, Sewalem, Rodomiro Ortiz, Mulatu Geleta, Endashaw Bekele, Kassahun Tesfaye, and Eva Johansson. 2021. "Nutritional Profile of the Ethiopian Oilseed Crop Noug (Guizotia abyssinica Cass.): Opportunities for Its Improvement as a Source for Human Nutrition" Foods 10, no. 8: 1778. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods10081778