Arsenic Bioaccessibility in Rice and Its Application to Derive Health-Based Limits in China
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Rice Sample Collection and Pretreatment
2.2. Arsenic Concentrations in Rice
2.3. Arsenic Bioaccessibility in Rice via PBET Method
2.4. Health Risk Assessment and Derivation of Health-Based Limits for iAs in Rice
2.5. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Total and Inorganic Arsenic Concentrations in Rice
3.2. Arsenic Bioaccessibility in Rice Samples
3.3. Estimated Daily Intake of Inorganic Arsenic
3.4. Health Risk Assessment of iAs in Rice
3.5. Deriving Health-Based Limits for iAs in Rice
4. Conclusions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Region | Contribution of Rice to Overall Dietary iAs Intake (%) | Ingestion Rate (g/day) | Limits for iAs in Rice with Consideration of Bioaccessibility (mg/kg) | GB 2762-2022 [40] | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Based on Cancer Risk | Based on Non-Cancer Risk | ||||
National | 57.8 | 238.3 | 0.01 | 0.05 | 0.2 |
Urban | 52.4 | 217.8 | 0.01 | 0.05 | |
Rural | 59.9 | 246.2 | 0.01 | 0.05 | |
North | 41.7 | 123.82 | 0.02 | 0.07 | |
South | 64.1 | 326.65 | 0.01 | 0.04 | |
Coastal | 52.6 | 235.09 | 0.01 | 0.05 | |
Inland | 59.6 | 244.63 | 0.01 | 0.05 |
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Zhao, D. Arsenic Bioaccessibility in Rice and Its Application to Derive Health-Based Limits in China. Foods 2024, 13, 2741. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods13172741
Zhao D. Arsenic Bioaccessibility in Rice and Its Application to Derive Health-Based Limits in China. Foods. 2024; 13(17):2741. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods13172741
Chicago/Turabian StyleZhao, Di. 2024. "Arsenic Bioaccessibility in Rice and Its Application to Derive Health-Based Limits in China" Foods 13, no. 17: 2741. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods13172741