Exploring the Volatile Profile of Vanilla planifolia after Fermentation at Low Temperature with Bacillus Isolates
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Plant Material and Curing
2.2. Bacteria Culture Preparation and Isolation
2.3. Hemolysis Test of Isolates
2.4. Bacteria Identification and PCR Amplification
2.5. Phylogenic Analysis of the Bacillus Strains Isolated from Vanilla
2.6. Fermentation and Curing of Vanilla Beans
2.7. Determination of Volatile Compounds
2.7.1. Methanol Extraction
2.7.2. GC-MS Analysis
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Strain Isolation and 16S rRNA Identification
3.2. Morphological Characteristics of the Bacillus Strains Isolated from Vanilla
3.3. Hemolysis Physiognomies of the Bacillus Strains
3.4. Phylogenic Tree of the Isolated Bacillus Strains from Vanilla
3.5. Volatile Compounds Analysis by GC-MS
3.5.1. Gas Chromatography Profiles
3.5.2. Analysis of Volatile Compounds
4. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Sample Code | Strain Name | Identity (%) | Accession Length (bp) | Accession ID | Genome Sequence |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
C3-2-R2 | Bacillus tropicus KhEp-2 | 100.00 | 1510 | OP422217.1 | partial |
C3-1-9 | Bacillus velezensis ZN-S10 | 100.00 | 3,929,792 | CP102933.1 | complete |
B1-1-5 | Bacillus vallismortis NR_104873.1:11-1518 | 100.00 | 1508 | OP104906.1 | partial |
Treatment | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Compounds | RT (min) | Qualitative Score (%) | Mol Weight (amu) | CAS No. | Control | B. tropicus KhEp-2 | B. velezensis ZN-S10 | B. vallismortis NR_104873.1:11-1518 |
(1) 4H-Pyran-4-one, 2,3-dihydro-3,5-dihydroxy-6-methyl- | 11.348 | 90 | 144.042 | 028564-83-2 | - | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ |
(2) 2-Methoxy-4-vinyl phenol | 14.776 | 91 | 150.068 | 007786-61-0 | - | ✓ | ✓ | - |
(3) Benzaldehyde, 4-hydroxy- | 15.816 | 93 | 122.037 | 006386-38-5 | - | ✓ | - | - |
(4) Vanillin | 16.507 | 96 | 152.047 | 000121-33-5 | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ |
(5) 3-Deoxy-d-mannoic lactone | 20.316 | 89 | 162.053 | 1000127-87-1 | - | - | - | ✓ |
(6) n-Hexadecanoic acid | 25.474 | 98 | 256.240 | 000057-10-3 | - | ✓ | ✓ | - |
(7) Hexadecanoic acid, ethyl ester | 25.937 | 96 | 278.272 | 000628-97-7 | - | - | ✓ | - |
(8) Benzenepropanoic acid, 3,5-bis(1,1-dimethyl ethyl)-4-hydroxy-, methyl ester | 25.052 | 87 | 292.204 | 006386-38-5 | - | ✓ | - | - |
(9) 9,12,15-Octadecatrienoic acid, (Z,Z,Z)- | 27.862 | 99 | 278.225 | 000463-40-1 | ✓ | - | ✓ | - |
(10) 9,12-Octadecadienoic acid, ethyl ester | 28.171 | 97 | 280.24 | 007619-08-1 | ✓ | ✓ | - | - |
(11) Linoleic acid ethyl ester | 28.163 | 99 | 308.272 | 000544-35-4 | - | - | ✓ | - |
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Manyatsi, T.-S.; Lin, Y.-H.; Sung, P.-H.; Jou, Y.-T. Exploring the Volatile Profile of Vanilla planifolia after Fermentation at Low Temperature with Bacillus Isolates. Foods 2024, 13, 2777. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods13172777
Manyatsi T-S, Lin Y-H, Sung P-H, Jou Y-T. Exploring the Volatile Profile of Vanilla planifolia after Fermentation at Low Temperature with Bacillus Isolates. Foods. 2024; 13(17):2777. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods13172777
Chicago/Turabian StyleManyatsi, Thabani-Sydney, Yu-Hsin Lin, Pin-Hui Sung, and Ying-Tzy Jou. 2024. "Exploring the Volatile Profile of Vanilla planifolia after Fermentation at Low Temperature with Bacillus Isolates" Foods 13, no. 17: 2777. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods13172777