Diet and Genetics Influence Beef Cattle Performance and Meat Quality Characteristics
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Tropical Northern Australian Pastures and Beef Production
2.1. Beef Cattle Responses to Under-Nutrition
2.1.1. Decrease in Liveweight
2.1.2. Metabolic and Body Composition Changes
2.2. Nutritional Supplementation to Improve Beef Cattle Performance on Low Quality Pastures
2.2.1. Feed Supplements During Grazing
2.2.2. Augmenting Pastures with Legumes
2.2.3. Use of Legumes in Northern Australia
2.3. Feedlot Finishing of Tropical Pasture-Backgrounded Cattle
3. Meat characteristics
3.1. Effect of Intramuscular Fat on Beef-Eating Characteristics
3.1.1. Tenderness
3.1.2. Flavour
3.1.3. Juiciness
3.2. Factors Influencing Beef Intramuscular Fat Content and Fatty Acid Composition
3.2.1. Pasture Versus Concentrate Diets
3.2.2. Oil Supplements
3.2.3. Micronutrients
3.2.4. Cattle Breed
3.3. Genes that Influence Carcass Fat Content and Fatty Acid Profiles
3.3.1. Stearoyl-CoA Desaturase (SCD)
3.3.2. Fatty Acid Synthase (FASN)
3.3.3. Fatty Acid Binding Protein 4 (FABP4)
4. Conclusions and Future Research
- However, only limited peer-reviewed published literature is available on the effect of Desmanthus on beef cattle growth and performance. These studies were either conducted indoors or in small sized paddocks (except one in 250 ha paddock) which may not be replicated in normal commercial farm settings. Hence, there is need to conduct more studies under commercial farm settings to determine the suitability of grass–Desmanthus pastures in northern Australian beef cattle production system.
- Tannin-containing pastures at 20–40 g/kg DM are reported to increase polyunsaturated fatty acids in meat by reducing rumen biohydrogenation of unsaturated fatty acids. There is need to study the effect of Desmanthus, a tannin-containing legume, on performance and meat characteristics of grazing cattle.
- Several genes such as SCD, FASN and FABP4 are reported to influence carcass fat traits in Korean and Japanese cattle as well as Australian temperate breeds such as Angus and Limousin. There is need to investigate the effect of these genes in northern Australian composite breeds.
- In addition, studies are required to determine finishing performance and carcass traits of northern Australian beef composite breeds backgrounded on newly introduced legume pastures, such as Desmanthus, to enable industry players to exploit them for greater economic gains.
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Pasture | Supplement | Outcome | Reference |
---|---|---|---|
Urochloa decumbens | Corn, Corn gluten, Soybean, Urea, | ADG up to 0.75 kg | [51] |
Urochloa decumbens hay | Pure casein, urea and ammonia | Increase NDF digestion | [52] |
Urochloa decumbens hay | Urea, ammonium sulphate and albumin | Increased DMI and | [53] |
NDF digestion | |||
Urochloa brizantha | Cottonseed meal, corn and urea | ADG of up to 0.3 kg | [54] |
Urochloa brizantha | Soybean meal, urea and grain sorghum | ADG of up to 0.5 kg | [55] |
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Mwangi, F.W.; Charmley, E.; Gardiner, C.P.; Malau-Aduli, B.S.; Kinobe, R.T.; Malau-Aduli, A.E.O. Diet and Genetics Influence Beef Cattle Performance and Meat Quality Characteristics. Foods 2019, 8, 648. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods8120648
Mwangi FW, Charmley E, Gardiner CP, Malau-Aduli BS, Kinobe RT, Malau-Aduli AEO. Diet and Genetics Influence Beef Cattle Performance and Meat Quality Characteristics. Foods. 2019; 8(12):648. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods8120648
Chicago/Turabian StyleMwangi, Felista W., Edward Charmley, Christopher P. Gardiner, Bunmi S. Malau-Aduli, Robert T. Kinobe, and Aduli E. O. Malau-Aduli. 2019. "Diet and Genetics Influence Beef Cattle Performance and Meat Quality Characteristics" Foods 8, no. 12: 648. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods8120648