Sero-Prevalence of Hemorrhagic Septicaemia in Cattle and Buffalo Population of Indian States Karnataka and Gujarat
Abstract
:Simple Summary
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Material and Methods
2.1. Ethical Approval
2.2. General Description of the Study Sites
2.2.1. Sample Size Estimation
2.2.2. Data Collection
2.2.3. Collection of Serum Samples
2.2.4. Laboratory Procedures
2.2.5. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Sero-Prevalence of Hemorrhagic Septicemia (HS) at Different Strata
3.2. Assessment of Risk Factor for Hemorrhagic Septicemia (HS) Sero-Prevalence
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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States Name | Total Positives/Samples, CI 95% | p Value between States | Districts Name | Total Positives/Samples, CI 95% | p Value between Districts | Clusters Name | Total Positives/Samples, CI 95% | p Value between Clusters | Epiunit Positivity, CI 95% | HH Positivity, CI 95% |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Karnataka | 11/285 (3.85%), [1.94–6.80] | <0.0001 * | Tumakuru | 5/144 (3.47%), [1.44–7.92] | 0.97 | Tumkur | 3/83 (3.61%), [0.75–10.20] | 0.72 | 3/9 (33.33%), [7.49–70.07] | 3/42 (7.14%), [1.50–19.49] |
Koratagere | 2/61 (3.28%), [0.40–11.35] | 2/7 (28.57%), [3.76–70.96] | 2/35 (5.71%), [0.70–19.16] | |||||||
Bagalkote | 6/141 (4.25%), [1.58–9.03] | Jamakhandi | 4/68 (5.88%), [1.63–14.38] | 0.61 | 3/6 (50.11%), [81–88.19] | 4/22 (18.18), [5.19–40.28] | ||||
Badami | 2/73 (2.73%), [0.33–9.55] | 1/5 (20%), [0.5–71.64] | 1/34 (2.94%), [0.07–15.33] | |||||||
Gujarat | 59/407 (14.49%), [11.22–18.30] | Junagadh | 43/231 (18.61%), [13.81–24.24] | 0.01 * | Junagadh | 35/152 (23.02%), [16.59–30.54] | 0.03 * | 9/9 (100%), [66.37–100] | 20/58 (34.48%), [22.49–48.12] | |
Bhesan | 8/79 (10.12%), [4.47–18.98] | 5/6 (83.33%), [35.88–99.58] | 6/28 (21.43%), [8.30–40.95] | |||||||
Gandhinagr | 16/176 (9.09%), [5.29–14.34] | Dehgam | 3/55 (5.45%), [4.47–18.98] | 0.40 | 3/6 (50%), [11.81–88.19] | 3/25 (12%), [2.55–31.22] | ||||
Mansa | 13/121 (10.74%), [5.85–17.67] | 7/8 (87.50%), [47.35–99.68] | 13/62 (20.97%), [11.66–33.18] |
States | Districts | No. of HH Surveyed | No. of Animals/HH | One Animal Positive/HH | Two Animals Positive/HH | Three Animals Positive/HH | Four Animals Positive/HH | Total Number of HH Positive | p Value between HH in Two States |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Karnataka | Tumakuru | 77 | 144 | 5 | − | − | − | 5 (6.49%) | 0.0002 * |
Bagalkote | 56 | 141 | 4 | 1 | − | − | 5 (8.93%) | ||
Total HH | 133 | 285 | 9 | 1 | − | − | 10 (7.52%) | ||
Gujarat | Junagadh | 86 | 231 | 15 | 6 | 4 | 1 | 26 (30.23%) | |
Gandhinagar | 87 | 176 | 16 | − | − | − | 16 (18.39%) | ||
Total HH | 173 | 407 | 31 | 6 | 4 | 1 | 42 (24.28%) | ||
Total | 306 | 692 | 40 | 7 | 4 | 1 | 52 |
Parameters | State | Karnataka | Gujarat | Total Samples (Percentage Positivity) |
---|---|---|---|---|
Age (years) | 1–2 | 0/3 | 6/29 | 6/32 (18.75) |
2–4 | 2/132 | 16/101 | 18/233 (7.73) | |
4–6 | 6/118 | 14/103 | 20/221 (9.05) | |
6–8 | 2/25 | 16/117 | 18/142 (12.68) | |
>8 | 1/7 | 7/57 | 8/64 (12.50) | |
Total | 11/285 (3.85%, CI: 1.94–6.80) | 59/407 (14.49%, CI: 11.22–18.30) | 70/692 (10.12%, CI: 7.97–12.61) | |
χ2 /p value | 5.76/0.22 | 1.40/0.84 | 5.79/0.22 | |
Species | Cattle | 11/259 | 37/232 | 48/491 (9.78) |
Buffalo | 0/26 | 22/175 | 22/201 (10.95) | |
Total | 11/285 (3.86%, CI:1.94–6.80) | 59/407 (14.50%, CI: 11.22–18.30) | 70/692 (10.12%, CI: 7.97–12.61) | |
χ2 /p value | 0.29/0.59 | 0.67/0.41 | 0.11/0.75 | |
Cattle breeds | Cross bred | 10/237 | 12/97 | 22/334 (6.59) |
Indigenous | 1/22 | 25/135 | 26/157 (16.56) | |
Total | 11/259 (4.25%,CI: 2.14–7.47) | 37/232 (15.64%, CI: 11.48–21.31) | 48/491 (9.78%, CI: 7.30–12.75) | |
χ2 /p value | 0.23/0.63 | 1.17/0.28 | 10.94/0.0009 * | |
Buffalo breeds | Jafarabadi | – | 8/39 | 8/39 (20.51) |
Mehsana | 0/26 | 14/136 | 14/162 (8.64) | |
Total | 0/26 (CI: 0–13.23) | 22/175 (12.57%, CI: 8.05–18.41) | 22/201 (10.95%, CI: 6.99–16.10) | |
χ2 /p value | – | 0.20/0.66 | 3.41/0.065 | |
Lactation | 1 | 0/69 | 26/147 | 26/216 (12.04) |
2 | 4/85 | 10/81 | 14/166 (8.43) | |
3 | 3/73 | 7/78 | 10/151 (6.62) | |
4 | 2/26 | 7/62 | 9/88 (10.23) | |
>5 | 2/32 | 9/39 | 11/71 (15.49) | |
Total | 11/285 (3.85%, CI: 1.94–6.80) | 59/407 (14.49%, CI: 11.22–18.30) | 70/692 (10.12%, CI: 7.97–12.61) | |
χ2 /p value | 4.47/0.35 | 6.26/0.18 | 5.68/0.22 |
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Shome, R.; Kanani, A.; Gurrappanaidu, G.; Subbanna, N.K.G.; Mohandoss, N.; Prajapati, A.; Baskar, K.; Skariah, S.; Shanmugam, G.; Maharana, S.M.; et al. Sero-Prevalence of Hemorrhagic Septicaemia in Cattle and Buffalo Population of Indian States Karnataka and Gujarat. Vet. Sci. 2024, 11, 386. https://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci11080386
Shome R, Kanani A, Gurrappanaidu G, Subbanna NKG, Mohandoss N, Prajapati A, Baskar K, Skariah S, Shanmugam G, Maharana SM, et al. Sero-Prevalence of Hemorrhagic Septicaemia in Cattle and Buffalo Population of Indian States Karnataka and Gujarat. Veterinary Sciences. 2024; 11(8):386. https://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci11080386
Chicago/Turabian StyleShome, Rajeswari, Amit Kanani, Govindraj Gurrappanaidu, Naveen Kumar Gajalavarahalli Subbanna, Nagalingam Mohandoss, Awadesh Prajapati, Kanaka Baskar, Somy Skariah, G. Shanmugam, Snigdha Madhaba Maharana, and et al. 2024. "Sero-Prevalence of Hemorrhagic Septicaemia in Cattle and Buffalo Population of Indian States Karnataka and Gujarat" Veterinary Sciences 11, no. 8: 386. https://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci11080386