The Mycorrizal Status in Vineyards Affected by Esca
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Experimental Trials
2.2. Collected Samples
2.3. Total Native AMF Assessment Using Non-Vital Staining and Light Microscopy
2.4. Molecular AMF Native Detection and Quantification
2.4.1. DNA Extraction
2.4.2. Overall Quantification of Glomeromycota with High-Coverage ITS Primers
2.4.3. DNA Sequencing and Bioinformatics Analysis
2.5. Rhizophagus Irregularis and Funneliformis Mosseae Absolute Quantification
2.5.1. Primer Selections and Validation
2.5.2. qPCR Assay
2.5.3. ddPCR Assay
2.6. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Total Native AMF Assessment Using Non-Vital Staining and Light Microscopy
3.2. Overall Quantification of Glomeromycota with High-Coverage ITS Primers
3.3. Rhizophagus Irregularis and Funneliformis Mosseae Absolute Quantification
3.3.1. Primer Selection and Validation
3.3.2. qPCR Assay
3.3.3. ddPCR Assay
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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qPCR | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
DNA from Oak Nonhost Plant | ||||
AMF qPCR Fragments from Grapevine Roots (ng/reaction) + | 0 ng | 5 ng | 50 ng | |
Cq mean ± SD | ||||
R. irregularis | 3.5 × 10−8 | 22.3 ± 0.12 | 22.9 ± 0.2 | na |
3.5 × 10−9 | 25.7 ± 0.16 | 25.9 ± 0.2 | na | |
3.5 × 10−10 | 29.4 ± 0.3 | 30.6 ± 0.3 | na | |
3.5 × 10−11 | 31.6 ± 1.1 * | 32.1 ± 1.7 * | na | |
F. mosseae | 2.8 × 10−8 | 23.8 ± 0.12 | 23.8 ± 0.12 | na |
2.8 × 10−9 | 27.4 ± 0.19 | 27.2 ± 0.19 | na | |
2.8 × 10−10 | 31.5 ± 0.9 | 32.8 ± 1.3 | na | |
2.8 × 10−11 | 32.8 ± 1.7 * | 33.6 ± 2.1 * | na | |
Statistics of standard curve performance, mean ± SD | ||||
R. irregularis | Slope | 3.155 ± 0.02 | 3.162 ± 0.03 | na |
Efficiency | 107.1 ± 0.74 | 109.7 ± 0.99 | na | |
Y-intercept | 1.078 ± 0.04 | 3.97 ± 0.02 | na | |
Value of fit (R2) | 0.99 ± 0.001 | 0.98 ± 0.002 | na | |
F. mosseae | Slope | 3.117 ± 0.02 | 3.092 ± 0.02 | na |
Efficiency | 109.3 ± 0.87 | 111.7 ± 1.01 | na | |
Y-intercept | 2.723 ± 0.12 | 2.495 ± 0.31 | na | |
Value of fit (R2) | 0.98 ± 0.001 | 0.99 ± 0.002 | na |
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Landi, L.; Foglia, R.; Murolo, S.; Romanazzi, G. The Mycorrizal Status in Vineyards Affected by Esca. J. Fungi 2021, 7, 869. https://doi.org/10.3390/jof7100869
Landi L, Foglia R, Murolo S, Romanazzi G. The Mycorrizal Status in Vineyards Affected by Esca. Journal of Fungi. 2021; 7(10):869. https://doi.org/10.3390/jof7100869
Chicago/Turabian StyleLandi, Lucia, Renzo Foglia, Sergio Murolo, and Gianfranco Romanazzi. 2021. "The Mycorrizal Status in Vineyards Affected by Esca" Journal of Fungi 7, no. 10: 869. https://doi.org/10.3390/jof7100869